Proceeding International Seminar of Science and Technology

PREFACE

2024-02-29

We are delighted to share with you the conference proceedings of the International Seminar of Science and Technology (ISST), which is an annual event by the Faculty of Science and Technology (FST) of Universitas Terbuka (UT). Our third conference (3rd ISST) was held under the theme of "Trends in Science and Technology for Sustainable Living," which included three sub-themes: "Trends in Mathematics and Computer Science for Sustainable Living," "Sustainable Living through Functional and Eco-friendly Agricultural Trends," and "Collaborative Contribution to Sustainable Environment." The conference focused on discussing the various aspects of science and technology and exploring ways to utilize them for the betterment of humankind and the Earth's inhabitants. We welcomed students, academics, and practitioners from around the world to share their research and findings at our conference.

Our faculty found this conference to be a wonderful experience, and we would like to extend our heartfelt thanks to our keynote speakers and experts in their respective fields for participating in our conference and sharing their knowledge. We would also like to thank the participants of ISST for disseminating their research in our forum. Finally, we would like to express our gratitude to our committee members and reviewers, who have worked tirelessly to ensure the success of this conference.

In conclusion, the 3rd ISST provided a platform for students and experts to gather and learn from each other about science and technology, and to drive sustainable practices through trends and ideas. We hope that this conference can bring innovation and knowledge to our audience worldwide. Thank you for your contributions, and we look forward to seeing everyone at the next ISST conference.

Tangerang Selatan, 29 February 2024

ISST Editorial Team

Image classification system for COVID-19 patient X-Ray results using median filter with deep learning method

Yudianingsih — 2024-02-29

An image is a representation of an object that is rewritten on a medium with specific values (intensity) and has x and y coordinates. X-ray images are one type of medical image that can be used to detect and study a disease. However, X-ray images can sometimes appear blurry, making interpretation a bit challenging. Furthermore, there is variation in X-ray attenuation between normal tissue and tissue affected by a disease. By using the median filter and implementing deep learning as a method for classifying images based on feature extraction and weights in artificial neural networks. The stages carried out include preprocessing, with training and testing, feature extraction using layers of artificial neural networks that have undergone the filtering process. Then, a custom classifier layer is created to train the classification of COVID and normal classes using data from bottleneck.npy. The results of training and testing yielded an average accuracy of 95%, while the F1 Score evaluation result was 0.9."

Classification of The Human Development Index in Kalimantan Using Random Forest Method

Siti Mahmuda — 2024-02-29

Random Forest is an ensemble classifier in a machine-learning algorithm. The ensemble classifier aimed to improve model accuracy and classification performance. Based on accuracy measures, Random Forest shows the best performance with existing ensemble classifiers like Support Vector Machine (SVM) and AdaBoost. Hence, this research will classify Human Development Index in Kalimantan using a Random Forest classifier. The predictor variables of classification are the average length of schooling, adjusted per capita additions, life expectancy, and length of school expectations. The Random Forest showed that the number of trees selected was 500 and the m being tried was 2. Adjusted per capita additions were the most influential variable in the increase of The Human Development Index with an importance of 10,61%. The Accuracy of classification was 58,33%.

Enhancing wildfire risk assessment through weather modeling and machine learning: a case study in Orange County, USA

Lulus Adhitya Kahono — 2024-02-29

Forest wildfire is a significant threat, causing extensive environmental damage and loss of life. Accurate and effective risk assessments are essential for better understanding and mitigating this risk. In this study, we propose a novel approach that combines weather modeling and machine learning for improved wildfire risk assessment. Our case study focuses on Orange County, USA, known for its high wildfire susceptibility. The methodology involves collecting historical weather and wildfire data in the region. We employ a machine learning model that integrates weather data with other factors, including vegetation and topography, to predict wildfire risk. Through machine learning techniques, we analyze the relationships among these variables and generate accurate risk predictions for Orange County. Results indicate a significant enhancement in wildfire risk assessment with this approach. The developed model provides valuable insights into the factors influencing wildfires, aiding authorities, and policymakers in implementing effective mitigation strategies. By leveraging weather modeling and machine learning, we can enhance our understanding and management of wildfire risks, safeguarding the environment and communities. This research highlights the potential of these technologies to improve wildfire mitigation efforts. The findings contribute to a proactive approach to addressing the serious threat of forest wildfires.

Multi-criteria decision support system using AHP method to determine the weight of transformer paper insulation index

Ekojono Ekojono — 2024-02-29

The transformer has evolved into an electrical device that operates based on the principle of electromagnetic induction without altering the frequency, capable of transferring electric energy from one or more electrical circuits to others by means of magnets. Insulation material is utilized as equipment to safeguard electrical components, where the resilience of each insulation plays a significant role in the functioning of the system. In addition to providing mechanical strength and distance, paper insulation functions as a dielectric medium. The quality of paper insulation deteriorates due to excessive heat generated from oil oxidation, leading to a degradation process known as depolymerization. In addressing this issue, a Decision Support System is required to aid in calculating the condition index of the paper insulation based on given parameters. The chosen method is the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) utilizing multiple criteria. The outcome of applying this method is that the entire system operates as intended, and the calculation process yields appropriate results. Testing results, which involve a comparison between manual calculations and the Confusion Matrix system, exhibit a 100% accuracy rate. Additionally, user testing yields an average satisfaction level of 90.97%. In conclusion, this system adequately fulfils its intended purpose and significantly helps to determine the quality level of paper insulation in transformers.

Multi-expert GMM decision support system with AHP method for determining weight of transformer oil insulation quality index

Ekojono Ekojono — 2024-02-29

The transformer is important and quite central in the power system for distributing energy from generators to consumers through electrical substations. Good transformer oil isolation is needed to protect the transformer to function optimally and prevent fatal interference. Over time, insulating oil experiences aging which can cause transformer damage and disruption in energy distribution to consumers. There are three things that affect the condition of transformer oil insulation, namely chemically testing for acidity, sediment (SED) and water content, from an electrical point of view testing for breakdown voltage (BDV) and testing dielectric dissipation factor (DDF), and from a physical point of view, color, and interfacial tension (IFT) tests are carried out. In dealing with this problem, a Decision Support System (DSS) is needed to calculate the oil quality index based on the given parameters. The method used is Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) with multi-expert GMM. The results show that the system is running well, and the calculation method is appropriate. Tests show 100% accuracy in comparing manual calculations with the Confusion Matrix system. Users give an average satisfaction of 92.94%. In conclusion, this system effectively meets the need and helps to determine the quality index of insulating oil in transformers.

Usability testing for learning media application Al-Qur’an Hadith

Indah Puji Astuti — 2024-02-29

The ever-developing technology has an impact on all aspects of life, including education. One of the innovations in the field of education is the adoption of multimedia concepts in the teaching and learning process. Why multimedia? because with multimedia we can combine several elements at once including text, images, sound, video, and animation. An interactive multimedia-based learning application has been developed for Al-Qur'an Hadith subjects. Applications are made to attract interest in learning and make the learning process of teaching fun. The objective of this study is to get evaluations from users in terms of user satisfaction using the application with a usability test. Usability testing is carried out using the SUS (System Usability Scale) approach. The results of this study show that an interactive multimedia learning media application for learning the Al-Qur'an Hadith based on usability testing by 20 respondents, using the SUS approach, got an SUS Score is 81. The grade scale application is “A” and also application gets “acceptable” in acceptability ranges.

Evaporative cooling strategy using cooling pad material made from stove wicks in walk-up flat in the humid tropical climate of Surabaya

Vivi Amalia Famachyuddin — 2024-02-29

Generally, the thermal conditions in simple flats for rent are still not within a comfortable range. There is no implementation of artificial ventilation (Air Conditioner) with adjustable air temperature, so passive strategies still need to be pursued. In this case, the strategy pursued is Direct Evaporative Cooling (DEC) system with cooling pads made from stove wicks. Experimental methods were conducted in one of the apartment buildings in Surabaya, namely Indrapura Walk-up Flat. The research results indicate that at relatively high outdoor air temperatures from 12:00 to 15:00 local time, ranging from 27.9 to 32^oC, the implementation of DEC was able to reduce the air temperature by 1.94-2.08^oC

Design of Environmental Detector System (EDS) application through industrial and vocational collaboration

Bakti Viyata Sundawa — 2024-02-29

Politeknik Negeri Medan (POLMED) as a vocational institution and PT Berkat Solusi Teknik as a partner have the same responsibility to solve problems that exist in society. Problems in society related to pollution from industrial waste. This is due to many complaints from the public, NGO, and other organizations regarding environmental damage due to production and economic activities. Based on the problems above, this study is needed to detect and monitor environmental parameters such as CO₂ level, lighting, noise, temperature, humidity, and measurement data that can be accessed and displayed in real-time via the internet. The implementation method is strengthening work organization, making EDS prototype brackets, design of an environmental detector system (EDS) prototype, prototype testing, MBKM internship, international conferences, monitoring and coordinating with partner, internal monitoring, and evaluation I and II, and preparation of final report. We innovate in the selection of components and the technology used. This collaboration is a symbiotic mutualism between POLMED and industry. The results are in average values, namely the density of dust particles is 1.418 µg/m3. Temperature 36.60oC. Humidity 53.82%RH. Light intensity 10,615 lux. These values above are still normal condition, and there is no pollution in campus. Especially for temperature and humidity. This condition above on the threshold.

Seismic hazard identification around Surabaya City, East Java, Indonesia: a preliminary result based on the June 2023 Mojokerto earthquake

M. Najib Syami Muqtadir — 2024-02-29

An earthquake was felt in the Mojokerto area, East Java (Indonesia) with a magnitude of M 4.4. This area has a low seismicity level according to the latest earthquake catalog. In this paper, we conduct a study to determine the direction of fault movement in the area, using data from BMKG seismic sensors with a distance of less than 250 km. The moment tensor inversion results show that the Strike/Dip/Rake values at each nodal plane are 257/88/4 and 167/86/175. To determine the direction of fault movement, we prefer a strike of 167 degrees for this earthquake, following the direction of deformation around the area from the northeast of Java Island. From the results of the moment tensor solution and the history of seismicity that has occurred in the area around Surabaya, it can be shown that the city of Surabaya is a city that is close to seismic activity, although it tends to have small activity, this needs to be considered considering that Surabaya is one of the cities with the highest population density in Indonesia. Further research needs to be done related to disaster vulnerability around the city of Surabaya. From the results of the source mechanism and seismicity in the Surabaya area it can be concluded that the Surabaya area has a disaster risk, there needs to be further research that discusses the local footprint effects of soil in the area in the Surabaya area. This research is needed for further discussion of the possibility of disasters in the Surabaya area.

Women's empowerment in coastal areas: waste management based on circular economy paradigm (a case study on Pasaran Island, Bandar Lampung)

Ayu Wulandari — 2024-02-29

Coastal areas have potential resources and are projected as tourist attractions because they are the meeting point between land and sea. However, this potential is threatened by pollution and damage in coastal and marine areas originating from human activities. Marine debris causes marine pollution, damages marine ecosystems and coastal areas, and can even endanger human health. In 2021, approximately 2,864 kg of waste accumulated on Pasaran Island, of which more than 64% was residual and low-value waste. The circular economy is a new paradigm that is widely adopted in sustainability-based waste management in Indonesia. The role of the community in the implementation of the circular economy is very important, one of which is through women's empowerment. This research aims to describe the importance of women's role in waste management through empowerment schemes. This research uses a qualitative approach through observation, interviews, and literature studies to obtain information. The results showed that through the empowerment of women and the implementation of the circular economy in Pasaran Island, more than 29,000 kg of household waste could be reduced, new employment alternatives could be created, and the community in Pasaran Island increased its awareness of managing household waste.

Monitoring the hygiene of reusable cutlery as an effort to sustainable lifestyle

Putri Matahari — 2024-02-29

Efforts to live healthy and implement sustainable living can be achieved in many ways, one of which is by using reusable cutlery when eating. Contamination of cutlery can cause disease and poisoning. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of cutlery to be used in terms of hygiene, namely, to see the presence of E. coli and Salmonella bacteria found in cutlery in a canteen in industrial areas. The research method used is qualitative and quantitative analysis using the swab technique. The samples used were 6 samples, consisting of 2 spoons, 2 plates, and 2 glasses. From testing the samples of cutlery in the canteen, all of them showed the presence of E. coli and Salmonella bacteria contamination. Therefore, it can be concluded that all samples of cutlery that can be reused in a canteen do not meet the eligibility requirements as cutlery due to contamination by E. coli and Salmonella bacteria which can pose a risk of disease and even poisoning.

Survey of HPV genotypes using multiplex PCR and flow through hybridization in Jakarta, Indonesia

Jacksen Jacksen — 2024-02-29

This is a study to identify genotypes of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) among women in Jakarta. The virus increases the risk of cervical cancer, which the second highest incident of cancer in Indonesia. Although there is vaccination program to prevent infection of HPV, it must be based on prior screening of recipients based on HPV genotypes. Each genotype has different potential causing premalignant lesion. Most previous studies are not defining the genotypes of HPV. Therefore, this study is conducted to survey genotypes of HPV using Multiplex PCR and Flow Through Hybridization. The Multiplex PCR and Flow Through Hybridization can detect 35 genotypes, consisting of 18 high risk and 17 low risk genotypes. Samples are patients who visit a clinic in Jakarta. Most of them are women who are already married and between 20 and above 50 years of age. Samples are collected between August to November 2022. There are 336 samples. The result shows that 53.57% of samples were detected positive for HPV. The most prevalent high-risk genotype is genotype 52 while the most prevalent low risk is genotype 11. There are 15,74% of cases of co-infection. The genotype 11 is the genotype that are the most often found in co-infection. The finding is not reported in previous studies. The Multiplex PCR and Flow Through Hybridization can detect genotypes of HPV.

Technology impact on postpartum culture implementation: Javanese and Chinese culture

Angelina Amanda — 2024-02-29

After giving birth, maternal care still continues. Keeping tabs on women’s mental well-being is crucial for creating a conducive surrounding needed for both the mother and her baby. Neglecting the mother’s emotional health can produce certain negative side effects starting from Baby Blues (postpartum depression) to the extent of physical bleeding. Consequently, these side effects need to be mitigated by society adopting the proper knowledge on the matter. Sadly, today’s practice of treating mothers during this period may differ due to cultural varieties across nations. Indonesia is home to thousands of cultures, that being said, Javanese and Chinese are two ethnicities that populate Java Island. Both have their ways of caring for mothers during postpartum. However, many cultural practices have been concluded to be misconduct in the mother’s care. Among many mistreatments, the urge to be completely immobile is still encouraged in these two cultures along with some irrational taboos. In the dawn of Internet of Things (IoT), mothers can benefit from the use of technology. AI has the potential to be an epoch-making development in maternal care. By utilizing researched medical findings and interviews, it is found that AI can help to alternate society’s belief towards old postpartum care traditions.

An analysis of green practices for sustainability in the Indonesian banking industry

Rachma Bhakti Utami — 2024-02-29

The demand for sustainability reports has increased in recent years. A sustainability report is an indicator of the company's sustainability, in which there are three elements: the environment. This research aims to analyze the role of Green Banking practices in Indonesian banking toward banking sustainability. This research examines 12 banks in Indonesia from 2015 to 2022 by using a sustainability report as a reference to the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) standard. Data were analyzed using the PLS-SEM approach with the help of WarpPls software. The independent variable in this research is Green Practice, measured using 12 measurements, while the sustainability report index is the dependent variable. This study shows that the sustainability reporting index of banking in the environmental field is the lowest compared to the economic and social indexes. However, the sustainability report index is significantly influenced by applying green practices. This research also shows that the green banking indicators most fulfilled are adopting policies and technologies to reduce environmental damage.

Financial feasibility of business towards application-based business: a case study of Drykeun

Salsabila Yunaini Siregar — 2024-02-29

Drykeun, an e-commerce startup established in 2022, focuses on the laundry industry in Indonesia. Drykeun aims to become the country's leading laundry service provider by utilizing technology, innovation, and exceptional customer service. Drykeun partners with existing laundries to ensure standardized quality control and deliver top-notch services to households and businesses across the nation. Its mission is to provide reliable, affordable, and high-quality services, making laundry day hassle-free for all people. However, facing low sales in the B2C sector, Drykeun plans to pivot to the B2B target market. To determine the viability of this shift, a feasibility analysis will be conducted. This quantitative study will utilize historical company data, as well as secondary data from literature reviews, journals, and books. The research will also assess the financial feasibility of the company's strategy using measures such as the payback period, net present value, and internal rate of return. The study results indicate that Drykeun is financially feasible with a payback period of 1.6 years, an NPV of Rp. 396,378,216, and an IRR of 82%, which is higher than the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) of 5.2%.

The characteristics of tape with different packaging materials: a review

Sulistyawati Sulistyawati — 2024-02-29

Tape is a traditional Indonesian fermented food made from cassava or glutinous rice. Tape is usually presented at special events in various regions of Indonesia. Tape is generally wrapped and packaged traditionally using leaves. Nowadays, tape is also packaged in plastic and cardboard boxes. Based on traditional packaging using natural packaging materials, several types of leaves are used as tape wrappers, but the most used are banana leaves and guava leaves. This study aims to determine the effect of tape packaging materials on the characteristics of the tape. The method used is a systematic review by collecting scientific articles from Scopus, Research Gate, and Google Scholar by focusing on the keywords tape, wrapping food, and plant packaging. From the total number of articles obtained, some relevant papers were selected for discussion in this study. The information used focuses on the effect of packaging on the characteristics of the tape produced, the organoleptic properties of the tape, and the shelf life of the tape. The study's results found several types of packaging used in packing tape, including banana leaves, guava leaves, pandan leaves, woven bamboo, cardboard boxes, and plastic. The difference in the packaging used affects the sensory properties of the tape produced, such as tape color, aroma, and taste.

Fruit consumption improvement as an effort to sustainable lifestyle

Ila Fadila — 2024-02-29

The integration of healthy diets into sustainable lifestyles faces challenges as modern living often sidelines nutritional choices. While the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends 150 grams of fruit daily per capita, Statistics Indonesia (2021) reports an average consumption of only 81.14 grams, meeting just 54.09% of the WHO's minimum nutritional adequacy. This qualitative descriptive study aims to analyze the knowledge, attitude, and actions influencing fruit consumption in Indonesia. Primary data, collected through questionnaires, reveal that respondents generally possess good knowledge and attitude towards fruit benefits. However, discrepancies arise in the action aspect, with consumption frequency falling below recommended standards. Utilizing the Scopus publication database and Vosviewer software, bibliometric analysis identifies key keywords like female, male, adult, fruit, diet, and food intake in Indonesian fruit consumption research. Despite positive attitudes and awareness, actual fruit consumption remains suboptimal, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to bridge the gap between knowledge and practice.

The effect of processing temperature on vitamin C content of Citrus aurantifolia drink using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

Agung Supriatna — 2024-02-29

Lime is rich in vitamin C, however, it is easily degraded by high processing temperatures. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of processing temperature variations on the vitamin C content in lime drinks using the HPLC method. This study used a completely randomized design with one factor, namely different processing temperatures (no processing, 5°C, 28°C, 38°C, and 90°C) with 5 repetitions. The results showed that the processing temperature significantly affected in decreasing vitamin C content of lime drinks. The higher the processing temperature, the lower the measured vitamin C content. Lime drinks without processing have a higher vitamin C content (0.0330%) compared to 5ºC temperature (0.0328%), 28°C temperature (0.0318%), 38°C temperature (0.0317%), and 90°C temperature (0.0309%).

The effect of adding suji leaf flour on the physical characteristics of gluten-free cookies

Naufal Permata Anugrah — 2024-02-29

Modern society is now increasingly paying attention to the food it consumes. Cookies, which are generally made from wheat, are now starting to be developed into non-gluten products from local flour which are considered healthier. This research aims to determine the effect of adding suji leaf flour on the physical characteristics of cookies. The method used in this research was a completely random plan with different concentrations of suji leaf powder, namely 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%. The physical parameters measured are texture (hardness and slice ability). The results of the research showed that the concentration of added suji leaf powder had a significant effect on the hardness and slicing power of the cookies produced. The higher the addition of suji leaf flour, the higher the measured hardness and slicing power values of the cookies. Control cookies without the addition of suji leaf flour had the lowest hardness and slicing power values (622.25 gf and 973.50 gs) and cookies with 8% addition of suji flour had the highest hardness and slicing power (1040.77 gf and 4807.67 gs). In conclusion, the addition of suji leaf flour to cake formulas provides new insights for developing healthier cakes from local ingredients.

Development of ready-to-serve breadfruit cream soup for the elderly

Fauziah Restiyani — 2024-02-29

The number of elderly people in 2022 is 10.48% of the total population in Indonesia. The health condition of the elderly is determined by the quality and quantity of nutritional intake. To obtain sufficient nutritional intake, commodities are needed that meet the nutritional needs of the elderly. One of the commodities that is rich in nutrition for the elderly is breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis). Breadfruit cream is a processed product that is practical for the elderly. The purpose of this study was to make a ready-to-serve breadfruit cream soup for the elderly which is practical in serving and has nutritional content. The method used is trial and error to determine the formulation of breadfruit cream soup. Furthermore, the calculation of nutrient content in the breadfruit cream soup. The results of the study obtained a formula with energy content106 KCal. This energy content fulfills the 0,06% nutritional adequacy of the elderly.

Quality analysis of herbal teabags as functional drink

Ita Fatkhur Romadhoni — 2024-02-29

The potential for diversification of herbal drinks has increased along with a healthy lifestyle. This study aims to develop herbal drinks in the form of teabags that are practical and economical in terms of proportion and selling price. There were seven herbal tea samples tested with the proportion of spices such as mangosteen peel, ginger, lemongrass, kersen leaves, lime leaves (P1 = 1:1:1:1:1:1), (P2 = 1:2:1:1:1:1:1:1), (P3 = 1:1:2:1:1:1:1:1), (P4 = 1: 1:1:1:2:1:1:1:1), (P5 = 1:1:1:1:1:2:1:1), (P6 = 1:1:1:1:1:2:1), and (P7 = 1:1:1:1:1:1:1:2) The hedonic test method was used to obtain the best results based on the quality of herbal tea with colour, aroma, and taste parameters. The sample respondents consisted of 100 MSME assistants. The results showed that the best results with the composition P3 = 1:1:2:1:1:1:1 in terms of aroma and flavour of herbal teabags. Meanwhile, in terms of the importance of herbal teabags, panelists considered the colour aspect to be the most important factor, followed by the taste and aroma of herbal teabags. Meanwhile, a selling price of IDR 12,500/pack was obtained. The results of this study indicate that herbal teabags can be accepted by the market so further research needs to be done related to chemical content tests.

Chemical characteristics of meat analog from sorghum, oyster mushroom, and red bean

Afrida Zahira — 2024-02-29

Food security is a challenge faced by emerging countries such as Indonesia. One of the solutions is food diversification by developing meat analogs or meat substitutes, which are plant-derived food products typically processed to mimic the flavor, texture, and appearance of meat. Meat and animal-based food products are generally related to environmental threats like global greenhouse gases. Excessive red and processed meat consumption have also been identified as risk factors. Therefore, developing meat analogs from plant-based ingredients has advantages in creating a diverse, balanced, and healthy substitute. This study aims to determine the chemical characteristics of meat analogs from sorghum, oyster mushroom, and red bean. This research consisted of 4 treatments with the ratio of sorghum, oyster mushroom, and red bean (%): P1 (20:55:25), P2 (15:65:20), P3 (10:75:15), and P4 (5:85:10). Meat analog was analyzed such as water content, ash, fat, protein, carbohydrate, fiber, and Fe content. The results showed that the best treatment for physicochemical characteristics was P1 (20% sorghum:55% oyster mushroom:25% red bean), which contained fiber 3.99%, ash 0.90%, protein 7.02%, carbohydrate 42.34%, fat 1.35%, water 43.13%, and Fe 21.81%.

Study on the use of weed plants as bioherbicides: a review

Soraya Habibi — 2024-02-29

Weeds are plants that are detrimental to cultivated plants if they live in the same area of life. The losses caused include reducing the production of cultivated plants. One effort to control weeds is the use of synthetic herbicides. However, excessive use of synthetic herbicides can cause problems, including reducing soil fertility, increasing weed resistance to herbicides and leaving residue. If herbicide residues are absorbed by plants and then the plants are eaten by humans, they can settle in the body and cause disease. This has triggered many researchers to look for other alternatives for weed control, namely environmentally friendly control. One of them is the use of bioherbicides. Weeds are one of the plants that have the potential to be used as bioherbicides. The ability of weed allelopathic compounds to inhibit growth has been used as a basis for developing bioherbicides. This article reviews weeds that have potential as bioherbicides, and the mechanisms of inhibition by allelochemical compounds.

The application of biofertilizer to realize sustainable agricultural program: a review

Fajar Agus Saputro — 2024-02-29

The agricultural sector is a force to encourages the rise in the economic level of an agricultural country, such as Indonesia. However, agricultural programs that are not followed carefully can undermine the order of an agrarian state. Therefore, the concept of sustainable agriculture was introduced and has become a commitment for many countries in the world. One application of sustainable agriculture is the use of effective and environmentally friendly fertilizers. Biofertilizer is considered an alternative to chemical fertilizers that have more advantages. Biofertilizers contain a consortium of microbes that are beneficial to plants. In addition, biofertilizers can improve soil fertility. Many studies prove the effectiveness of biofertilizers in increasing crop yields. Currently, biofertilizers have been widely used in Indonesia, but sometimes the potential of laboratory-tested biofertilizers cannot be found in the field. Another issue is shelf life. This review focused on the effectiveness and shelf life of the biofertilizer. In this review, we try to collect data from previous studies and compile it into a framework that can help overcome the constraints of biofertilizer applications. The analysis was carried out with the introduction of biofertilizers, constraints in the practice of their use, and strategies to overcome those obstacles. Obstacles to the use of biofertilizers can be overcome by selecting potential microbes in order to survive in the soil. The addition of organic matter can also be done to add nutrients to the soil. In addition, storage of the product under adjusted conditions can maintain its effectiveness.

Poultry feed fortified with moringa leaves and tumeric leaves to produce functional eggs: a review

Fachnia Nur Annisa — 2024-02-29

Human population is growing every day, and their diets often contain far less protein per day than is advised. The poultry business has faced difficulties, particularly in the tropics and in developing countries, due to the shortage and high price of poultry feeds, which make up 60–80 percent of the total cost of poultry products. This reflects both the relatively low cost and the customer’s need for these high-quality and secure items. Eggs are one of the high food’s proteins. One of the advantages of egg protein compared to other animal protein its high digestibility, meaning every gram protein that enters will be digested in the body perfectly. A typical strategy to prevent these negative effects is to increase the intrinsic antioxidant content by the dietary insertion of natural antioxidants, such as feed fortification with a combination of moringa leaves and turmeric leaves. Nowadays, Moringa oleifera has mostly been employed on farm animals to improve their well-being and productivity. Because moringa leaves have well-established health benefits, they are frequently utilized as functional ingredients in chicken feed., the production of eggs that were higher in carotene and lower in cholesterol than the control eggs due to favourable impacts on the health of the hens and the quality of their eggs Turmeric, a plant with several medicinal use, belongs to the Zingiberaceae family and is known under the name Curcuma. Numerous research has documented the medicinal benefits of turmeric, notably its antioxidant properties. This review's objective was to analyse the antioxidant activity and cholesterol-lowering effects of functional eggs made with fortified moringa leaves and turmeric.

Effect of probiotics addition on artificial feed for catfish growth

Wiwit Denny Fitriana — 2024-02-29

The research aimed to investigate the impact of probiotics supplementation in artificial feed on the growth of catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Catfish farming is a vital component of aquaculture, and optimizing feed formulations can enhance both the economic and environmental sustainability of the industry. In this study, probiotics were incorporated into the catfish feed to assess their potential benefits on growth performance. A fully randomized design was employed, encompassing four distinct treatment groups denoted as follows: P0, representing the control group without any treatment; P1, involving the incorporation of 2 cc/kg of probiotic into the feed; P2, entailing the inclusion of 4 cc/kg of probiotic in the feed; and P3, comprising the use of 6 cc/kg of probiotic in the feed. Data analysis was conducted using analysis of variance with a confidence level set at 5%. The growth parameters, including weight gain, length increase, and feed conversion ratio (FCR), were monitored over 2 months. The results revealed a significant improvement in the growth performance of catfish in the probiotics-supplemented group compared to the control group. Catfish fed with probiotics exhibited a higher average weight gain and increased length, indicating better growth.

Risk handling strategy for vegetable business in P2L Ngongak Tanduran

Dian Ardifah Iswari — 2024-02-29

Sustainable Food Yard is a program from the Madiun Goverment to to improve the post-pandemic community economy. In 2023 P2L will fund their business using its own capital. In the management of a business certainly cannot be separated from the risk. The method to define the strategy was Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Identified risks are caused by five things, namely man, machine, money, material, and method. The highest risk experienced by P2L Ngongak Tanduran is that they do not have contracts with workers, lack of the capital, and unskilled workers. The strategy to minimize the risks are minimizing the risks that occur at P2L Ngongak Tanduran include training for workers, establishing communication with third parties, scheduling, and establishing Standard Operational Processes

Feasibility analysis of the neocaridina ornamental shrimp cultivation business in Gunung Mulya Village, Tenjolaya District, Bogor Regency

Kusmiati Kusmiati — 2024-02-29

Currently, fish farming activities are carried out not only to meet people's consumption needs, but many farmers also use the waters to cultivate ornamental shrimp, one of which is the freshwater ornamental shrimp type Neocaridina. This research was conducted in Gunung Mulya Village, Tenjolaya District, Bogor Regency. This research aims to determine innovation and technical cultivation as well as the feasibility of cultivating freshwater ornamental shrimp of the Neocaridina type in Gunung Mulya Village, Tenjolaya District, Bogor Regency, which includes identifying costs, revenues, profits, and business feasibility. The research method used in data collection is quantitative methods to identify costs, revenues, profits, and business feasibility, which aim to determine whether or not the freshwater ornamental shrimp cultivation business in Gunung Mulya village, Tenjolaya subdistrict, Bogor Regency, is feasible to run. Based on the results of the data analysis, it was concluded that cultivating freshwater ornamental shrimp of the Neocaridina type in Gunung Mulya village, Tenjolaya subdistrict, Bogor Regency, was profitable, with the total profit obtained in 1 production cycle being IDR. 15,413,334. The financial aspects of business feasibility indicators obtained show an R/C ratio of 2.60 and a B/C ratio of 1.60. Thus, the freshwater ornamental shrimp cultivation business in Gunung Mulya Village, Tenjolaya subdistrict, Bogor Regency, is feasible. This research provides insight into the techniques and innovations used in cultivating Neocaridina ornamental shrimp.

The effect of marketing mix on the purchase decision of wall's cornetto ice cream

Reynaldy Pakpahan — 2024-02-29

Competition in the food industry is getting tougher. The growth of the food industry in the third quarter of 2022 reached 3.57%. Therefore, companies need marketing strategies to maintain good relations between corporations and consumers. The marketing strategy that can be used is the marketing mix, which consists of product, price, location, and promotion variables. This study aims to determine the effect of the marketing mix on purchasing decisions for cornetto ice cream. The sample used was 100 people using an online questionnaire. The method used in this research is descriptive-quantitative. The data testing in this study used SPSS 25 software. Testing the data begins with the validity and reliability tests to obtain valid and reliable results. Then, the data were analyzed using simultaneous and partial tests. In the simultaneous test, the results showed that the marketing mix variables simultaneously positively affected the purchasing decision for cornetto ice cream. In the partial test, the results show that all the marketing mix variable partially has a positive effect on the purchasing decision of Cornetto ice cream. The coefficient of determination obtained in this study is 0.661, meaning that the dependent variable, namely the purchase decision, is influenced by the independent variable by 66%. In comparison, 44% is influenced by other variables. Based on the results of this study, PT. Unilever Indonesia Tbk must continue to improve the quality of cornetto ice cream products, adjust prices appropriately, choose strategic locations, and display attractive promotions.

The effect of positioning and product differentiation on consumer loyalty of Indomie instant noodles

Susi Banjarnahor — 2024-02-29

The competition between industries in the food sector in the modern era has increased significantly. One of the significant instant noodle brands is Indomie. The companies must create a strategy to increase income and profits and maintain market share. The objective of the research to analyze the influence of positioning and product differentiation on the consumer loyalty of Indomie instant noodles. The method of this research used a quantitative descriptive. The sample for this research had as many as 100 respondents. The technique of sampling used a purposive sampling. The technique of data analysis is a multiple linear regression analysis using the classical assumption test, F-test, t-test, and coefficient of determination test. The data was processed using the SPSS-25 program. The results show that positioning and product differentiation are significant to consumer loyalty to Indomie instant noodles. Partially, the positioning positively and significantly affects consumer loyalty to Indomie instant noodles. At the same time, product differentiation has no significant on consumer loyalty. The coefficient of determination test (R²) shows that positioning and product differentiation have an effect of 50.8% on consumer loyalty, while other variables influence 49.2%. Companies should increase product differentiation by attempting instant noodle variants made with healthier ingredients.

Analysis of fish consumption patterns in the people of Bekasi Regency, West Java

Saka Tirta Septya — 2024-02-29

Bekasi people's awareness to consume fish is still very low. Though fish is one of the foods that are cheap, easy to find, and have a high nutritional content. The purpose of this study was to analyze fish consumption patterns. The study was conducted by analyzing primary data on fish consumption patterns influenced by perceptions and preferences for fish products through direct interviews with 110 household members. The methods used in this study are descriptive analysis, logit analysis, quantitative analysis using the Chi-square test. The choice of fish as a source of animal protein consumed shows the consumption pattern of fresh fish both freshwater fish and seawater fish, based on the frequency of consumption patterns included in the large category, namely 70.9% fresh seawater fish and 24.5% fresh freshwater fish.

Business model canvas analysis of organic fertilizer “Goat Waste”

Mohammad Shohwan Najih — 2024-02-29

This study aims to determine the use of organic fertilizer in adding soil nutrients and analyze the implementation of BMC in the organic fertilizer business. This study was carried out directly at the production location using observation and interview methods. The results study show that organic fertilizer is produced using goat waste as raw material. Goat waste is processed using certain techniques to produce organic fertilizer, easy to use, and aplicable to any plants. Organic fertilizer continues to be produced for use on one’s own land as a substitute for synthetic chemicial fertilizer. The result study also show that in soil goven organic fertilizer the plants grow well. The result study also show that in the organic fertilizer business the company has used Business Model Canvas (BMC) which includes : Value proposition, Key partners, Key activities, Key Resources, Customer Relationships, Custumer Segments, Channels, Cost Structure and Revenue Streams. The use of BMC has an influence on the sustainability of this business.