EXPLORING THE SUSTAINABILITY AND SCALABILITY OF MASSIVE OPEN ONLINE COURSES (MOOCS) IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

Abstract

This study investigates the sustainability and scalability of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) in developing countries, highlighting the challenges and opportunities that shape their adoption and effectiveness. Despite their potential to democratize education and bridge learning gaps, MOOCs face significant obstacles in these regions, including inadequate technological infrastructure, cultural barriers, and economic disparities. The research identifies that while MOOCs have been widely embraced in developed countries due to robust internet access and digital literacy, their impact in developing countries remains limited, with dropout rates as high as 95%. These challenges are exacerbated by a lack of localized content and culturally relevant pedagogical approaches, which contribute to low engagement and completion rates among learners.

Using a mixed-methods approach, the study combines quantitative data analysis from MOOC platforms and learner surveys with qualitative insights from interviews with educators, policymakers, and learners across selected countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The results reveal that infrastructural deficiencies, such as unreliable internet access and insufficient digital devices, are the most immediate barriers to MOOC adoption. Cultural factors, including language barriers and traditional educational practices, also significantly hinder the success of MOOCs, as they are often designed with Western-centric pedagogies that may not resonate with local learners. Economic constraints further limit access to MOOCs, as the costs associated with internet access and digital devices are prohibitive for many in these regions.

Despite these challenges, the study identifies substantial opportunities for enhancing the effectiveness of MOOCs in developing countries. By localizing content, improving technological infrastructure, and aligning course offerings with local labor market needs, MOOCs can play a critical role in upskilling the workforce and fostering economic development. The study emphasizes the need for a holistic approach that integrates cultural sensitivity, infrastructure improvement, and economic support to make MOOCs a sustainable and scalable educational tool in developing regions. This research contributes to the broader understanding of how MOOCs can be adapted to meet the specific needs of learners in developing countries, proposing strategic recommendations for their successful implementation.