Proceeding of the International Conference on Innovation in Open and Distance Learning
A global impact of Information and Communicative Technologies (ICT) has been overtly bounded the development of higher education with hyper-modernization of the knowledge economy. The traditional higher education models must undertake changes or reforms to respond to the post-industrial downturn. Trends such as globalization, internationalization, diversification, decentralization, deinstitutionalization, massification, and privatization of learning have been visible in higher education in most developed and developing countries in recent decades. A transition from an emancipatory conception of higher education into a higher education that emphasizes professional education and professional practice, and a continued shift in orientations, aims, and policies of higher education have persistently presence. Moreover, higher education institutions in the mainstream have attempted to integrate New Learning Technologies into student learning environments via various modes of instruction. In addition, an online learning approach has become an attractive mode of instruction for learners due to flexibility, robustness, inclusivity, accessibility, and quality. It is interesting to see that modern distance education that considered a last option for the learner, is now a viable opportunity for both educational providers and learners in higher education. The International Conference on Innovation in Open and Distance Learning will bring those intriguing issues and provide a forum of sharing, discussion, and consultation to nurture innovation in open and distance learning.
Lembaga Penelitian Dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Universitas Terbuka
DEVELOPMENT OF AN APPLICATION TO FACILITATE REMOTE MEDIATION
Remote mediation has become an urgent need in today's digital era, particularly in the context of dispute resolution and business meetings. This article explores the development of an application specifically designed to facilitate the mediation process effectively in a virtual environment. The aim of this research is to investigate the challenges faced in remote mediation and how application technology can overcome these obstacles. The application development method involves user needs analysis, integration of teleconferencing technology, data security, and an intuitive user interface. This article also describes the implementation and testing of the application prototype to validate its effectiveness in providing a reliable and user-friendly platform for mediators and mediation participants. The research findings indicate that this application can enhance mediation efficiency by reducing travel costs, facilitating global accessibility, and improving the security and confidentiality of the mediation process. The implications of this research highlight the importance of technology in transforming traditional mediation paradigms into ones that are more inclusive and adaptive to current global needs.
Copyright (c) 2025 A.Rachmat Wirawan, Eka Julianti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
WEBINAR TUTORIAL TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ ABILITY TO WRITE SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES
Scientific work courses are mandatory courses that must be taken by all Open University students after graduating a minimum of 125 credits for non-SIPAS services, while for SIPAS service students, this course can be taken according to the available packages. However, many students experience difficulties in writing scientific articles, especially in determining article titles, writing introductions, compiling methods, writing results, and compiling discussions and bibliographies, which has an impact on the quality of their research and publications. This study aims to analyze students' ability to write scientific articles and identify factors that affect these abilities. The subject of this research is a student of the Educational Technology Study Program of Open University Semester who takes a scientific work course. Data was obtained from assignments collected by students, ranging from the first task to the fourth task, which were observed using an assessment sheet. The results of the study showed that students' abilities improved after participating in the webinar tutorial four times, thus emphasizing the importance of technology-based learning in improving students' scientific writing skills.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abd Gafur, Asnah Marlina Nellawaty Limbong https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
TRACER STUDY FOR MASTER OF MANAGEMENT GRADUATES UNIVERSITAS TERBUKA MEDAN
The aim of this tracer study is to find out how the learning process of postgraduate students at Universitas Terbuka Medan, Masters in Management study program is, this is important because it is an effort to improve the quality of learning and services to students and the impact after completing postgraduate education at UT. Data collection was carried out using a survey method by distributing questionnaires to alumni online. The results of the data obtained are that the reason for registering at UT is because they didn't need to leave their work, after completing their education it doesn't have an impact on promotion but they get a salary increase or additional salary, teaching and learning aspects are widely applied in the workplace and have an impact on increasing knowledge and skills and changing attitudes. This is in accordance with the opinion of superiors where there is an increase in work in terms of personal development, leadership, contribution to the institution.
Copyright (c) 2025 Adrianto, Sondang Purnamasari Pakpahan, Syahril https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
SERVICE QUALITY ANALYSIS ON THE LEVEL OF STUDENT SATISFACTION OF THE OPEN UNIVERSITY AT THE MAJENE REGIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OFFICE
This study aims to analyze the quality of service on the level of student satisfaction at the Majene Regional Open University Office, especially in the Pasangkayu study group (pokjar) area. The method used in this study is qualitative analysis, which allows the researcher to delve into students' perceptions and experiences related to the services received. Data is collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and analysis of relevant documents. The results of the study show that the quality of the services provided has a significant influence on the level of student satisfaction. Some of the main factors that affect satisfaction include accessibility, speed of service, and quality of communication between staff and students. The study suggests improvements in certain aspects of the service to improve overall student satisfaction.
Copyright (c) 2025 Akbar, Syahrinullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE DEVELOPMENT OF E-COMIC FOR SOCIAL ARITHMETIC LESSON AT THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL LEVEL USING THE ETHNOMATHEMATICS APPROACH OF MAKASSAR CULTURAL PRODUCTS
Mathematics learning activities guided by teachers still need to meet expectations. Educators still need to implement various innovations in learning media and focus on only one source: textbooks. As a result, students experience difficulties understanding the material because object interpretation differs from reality. Educators have also begun to appreciate the use of cartoons or comics in class, which have become popular media among students. This is because reading comics or picture books that are visually appealing can attract students' attention, thereby fostering a sense of imagination in their thinking. In addition, mathematics education can be interpreted as a method to inspire students to master mathematics by connecting the mathematics material taught with local culture or existing cultural practices. This study focuses on community activities in Makassar, South Sulawesi Province, and the cultural product taken is Jalangkote. This study uses a Makassar cultural ethnomathematics approach to create an e-comic design for elementary school social arithmetic material. The ADDIE model is a development model used in e-comic Design, and the research method used is Research and Development (R&D). The ADDIE model comprises five phases: analysis, Design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The five stages are summarized into three components: planning, development, and evaluation. The initial component of this study relates to planning. Needs analysis and Design consist of the planning phase. The needs analysis stage involves gathering information to identify potential problems associated with developing electronic comic learning media. This is achieved through surveys and interviews with mathematics subject instructors. The design stage involves e-comic product planning and integrates Ethnomathematics into the storyline framework. Electronic/digital comics (e-comics) are one form of learning media that can be incorporated into everyday life and used to communicate scientific messages visually appealing or distinctively.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
MOOCS: A SOLUTION OF LEGAL LITERATION FOR INDONESIAN MIGRANT WORKERS
Indonesian migrant workers (PMI), as Indonesia's foreign exchange heroes, require guarantees of rights, opportunities, and protection from discrimination in the implementation of employment in their host country. The implementation of PMI work in the country of employment is hampered by several legal challenges. According to data from the Indonesia Migrant Workers Protection Agency (BP2MI), the total number of PMI placements from 2024 to June 2024 was 160,496 people, with 763 complaints. PMI's legal troubles arise from a lack of legal awareness in the country of employment. Legal literacy is required for providing practical understanding about recruiting, rights and obligations, living conditions, labour, and the cultural context of the employer's home country, as well as legal aid available in the country of employment. PMI offers legal literacy classes beginning with pre-employment and progressing through pre-departure, post-arrival, repatriation, and reintegration. The present reality is that PMI still requires information to assist with adaptation in the country of employment. This is exacerbated by a lack of information for non-procedural migrant workers who wish to work without a work visa. The lack of knowledge is what leads to many legal issues for migrant workers in the country where they work. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are a revolution in the world of education. MOOCs exist to provide new learning methods and chances for potential learners to participate in learning. The widespread availability of MOOCs provides several chances for migrant workers dispersed throughout Indonesia and their home country, without regard for age, time, profession, and distance. Document review, focus group discussions, and a 'test-trial' will be used in methods. All information will be sourced from training materials, PMI Legal Literacy trial results, and the MOOCS transmission mechanism. The FGD segment will include material developers and MOOCs-related reviewers in the content preparation process.
MODERNIZING THE UT REGIONAL ARCHIVAL LAB WITH THE CONTINUUM RECORD CONCEPT FOR VOCATIONAL STUDENTS
This study explores the modernization of the archival laboratory at Regional Universitas Terbuka (UT) using the Continuum Record concept to enhance the practical skills of students in the Vocational (D4) Archival program. Employing a qualitative research approach, the study examines the implementation of the Continuum Record concept within the laboratory setting, focusing on its impact on the students' archival work practices. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis involving students, instructors, and laboratory staff. The findings reveal that the integration of the Continuum Record concept significantly improves students' understanding of archival processes, facilitating a more seamless transition from theory to practice. The modernization efforts not only enhance the practical learning experience but also ensure that the laboratory meets contemporary archival standards, thereby better preparing students for professional roles in the field of archiving. This research underscores the importance of aligning educational infrastructure with current industry practices to support effective vocational training.
TRANSFORMATION OF AUDIO VISUAL USES FOR DISTANCE LEARNING MEDIA
Audiovisual media in archival science are archives containing images, sounds, or video recordings that can be seen and heard. Audiovisual media are included in non-textual archives and are collected in audiovisual archives. According to Law Number 43 of 2009 concerning Archives, static archives are archives of historical value originating from various archive-creating institutions to be preserved, such as archives about the history of the establishment of institutions, tasks, functions, organizational structures in various forms and formats, printed or electronic. Audiovisual media is one way for educators to optimize the learning process. Audiovisual media can help educators to make it easier to convey material to students. By utilizing these audiovisual archives, students can understand the journey of social change, environmental change. The purpose of this study is to describe the function of audiovisual archives in the learning process, especially regarding environmental and social changes that occur in Indonesia. The research methodology used is library methodology. The author collects various kinds of data related to audiovisual-based learning media in distance learning, then summarizes and includes them in this article. The results of data processing show that the use of audio visual archives is very necessary in learning, because the material in this audio visual displays the reality of its time, so that social and environmental changes can be known from the chronology of events that occur and the changes that exist.
UNLOCKING THE FUTURE: HOW EDUCATIONAL DATA MINING IS SHAPING MARKET SEGMENTATION
In an organization that wants to remain sustainable in its business, one of the important factors is to have good data management. Many of the organizations that have big data are "rich in information but poor in knowledge". Data processing that is complex and difficult to predict is a challenge in the field of data mining. A lot of data is available in the education system but there is a lack of effective analysis tools to find hidden relationships and trends in a data. The use of various techniques can be done to produce valuable information that can support a decision in an organization. The data calculation uses the Growth Ratio and Naïve Bayes Classifiers (NBC) data mining techniques. The method proposed in this study utilizes data obtained from the data of the national high school of the Ministry of Education and Culture. Based on the results of the analysis through the calculation of the growth ratio of grouping per region nationally with the projected percentage of absorption of high school graduates nationally of 1.2%, so that the projected absorption of high school graduates in 2024 is 7.2% and in 2025 of 8.4% and 9.6% in 2026, reflecting the increase in the projection of new students of the Universitas Terbuka that occurred in that period.
STUDENTS' SCIENTIFIC WRITING ABILITIES IN DISTANCE LEARNING: THE IMPACT OF METORING AND ONLINE RESOURCES
This research examined students' experiences, abilities and challenges in writing scientific articles, especially in the context of distance education in scientific writing courses. The background of this research is based on the importance of scientific writing skills for students, especially in learning environments that rely on online technology. This research aims to understand the extent of the impact of online resources, such as online libraries, artificial intelligence, and e-learning platforms, as well as mentoring through distance learning methods, on students' scientific writing abilities. This research was conducted using a mixed methods design, which combines descriptive qualitative and quantitative approaches to describe students' abilities in writing scientific papers. The instruments used were questionnaires covering various aspects such as writing experience, ability to write articles, use of resources, and effectiveness of mentoring through distance learning. Questionnaires were distributed to 84 students at the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education at Universitas Terbuka who had taken scientific writing courses. The research results show that even though students feel they have basic skills in scientific writing, they still face significant challenges, including difficulties in time management, finding relevant references, and technical problems during guidance in distance learning. This research concludes that quality support in the form of structured guidance and improving the quality and accessibility of online resources is vital to helping students write quality scientific articles.
THE IMPACT OF DISTANCE LEARNING SKILLS TRAINING AND MOTIVATION ON ASSESSMENT
This study shows that the number of new students who enroll in the Open University increased by 10% during one semester, while the number of students who re-enroll decreased by 15%. The Open University offers an attractive distance education program for new students. based on the phenomenon of distance learning, which has become a topic of discussion for many students. Students experience increased anxiety and stress as a result of their ignorance of distance learning methods. The Open University has a strategy to introduce distance learning success support services (LPKBJJ) to overcome this problem. The results of the study showed that distance training, which was intended to help students create effective learning strategies and increase their confidence in distance learning, had a positive and significant impact of 0.05. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how learning skills training and student motivation affect their academic achievement at the Open University (case study of UT Medan students). The results of the distance learning skills training hypothesis have a positive effect and 95 percent affect the assessment. The results of the learning motivation hypothesis also have a positive effect. Increasing learning motivation by ten units will have an impact on increasing the assessment by 1.4 percent.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE NETWORK MODEL IN BLENDED LEARNING OF UNIVERSITAS TERBUKA'S LMS
This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the network model in implementing blended learning in the Learning Management System (LMS) at the Open University. Blended learning, which combines face-to-face learning and online learning, has become an increasingly popular approach to distance education. The network model implemented in the LMS is expected to improve the quality of interaction and collaboration between students and lecturers, which is often a challenge in distance learning. The research method used is qualitative with a survey approach. This approach was chosen to gain an in-depth understanding of the experiences and perceptions of LMS users. Data was collected through an open questionnaire distributed to students and lecturers who actively use LMS in their learning process. This questionnaire is designed to collect information about various aspects of LMS use, including ease of access, interaction, collaboration, and impact on learning outcomes. The research results show that the network model implemented in the Open University LMS can increase interaction and collaboration between students and lecturers. Students report that they feel more connected to their lecturers and peers, despite being in various locations. In addition, this model also helps in overcoming geographic and time barriers that are often faced in distance learning. Students can access learning materials and communicate with lecturers anytime and anywhere, which increases flexibility and comfort in learning. These findings suggest that the network model in blended learning can be an effective solution for improving the quality of education at the Open University. This model not only increases interaction and collaboration, but also provides the flexibility needed in distance learning. Recommendations for future research include further development of more adaptive network models and comparative studies with other institutions. Further research could also explore how these network models can be integrated with innovative technologies, such as artificial intelligence and learning analytics, to further enhance the student learning experience.
ANDROID-BASED TALENT & INTEREST ALLOCATION APPLICATION
Someone needs soft skills to achieve success in society. Every organization implements a strategic planning model according to its characteristics. Higher education is an organization that forms generations and has a role in preparing future leaders of the nation. Thus, education has a strategic role in building student character. The implementation of character education for students can be through three activity paths: curricular, co-curricular, and extracurricular. The extracurricular path aims to develop activities for students' talents, interests, and hobbies, including reasoning, sports, arts, and special interests. Therefore, an application must identify and allocate student characteristics based on their intelligence-type tendencies. So that higher education can create targeted policies. People use smartphones in every daily activity. So that applications that make it easier for users and provide benefits will be used and needed by the community. In this study, the application to detect student intelligence types is named Android-Based Talent & Interest Allocation (TIA). The research use 200 new students of Universitas Terbuka Padang. Based on data processing, 95% of respondents said the test results followed their daily character. Moreover, 88% stated that they applied the suggestions on the Mobile TIA application to select student activities and lectures. The suggestion for further research is to look at the learning outcomes and characters formed after one semester of implementing activities based on recommendations from the Mobile TIA application.
EXPLORING THE SUSTAINABILITY AND SCALABILITY OF MASSIVE OPEN ONLINE COURSES (MOOCS) IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
This study investigates the sustainability and scalability of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) in developing countries, highlighting the challenges and opportunities that shape their adoption and effectiveness. Despite their potential to democratize education and bridge learning gaps, MOOCs face significant obstacles in these regions, including inadequate technological infrastructure, cultural barriers, and economic disparities. The research identifies that while MOOCs have been widely embraced in developed countries due to robust internet access and digital literacy, their impact in developing countries remains limited, with dropout rates as high as 95%. These challenges are exacerbated by a lack of localized content and culturally relevant pedagogical approaches, which contribute to low engagement and completion rates among learners. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study combines quantitative data analysis from MOOC platforms and learner surveys with qualitative insights from interviews with educators, policymakers, and learners across selected countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The results reveal that infrastructural deficiencies, such as unreliable internet access and insufficient digital devices, are the most immediate barriers to MOOC adoption. Cultural factors, including language barriers and traditional educational practices, also significantly hinder the success of MOOCs, as they are often designed with Western-centric pedagogies that may not resonate with local learners. Economic constraints further limit access to MOOCs, as the costs associated with internet access and digital devices are prohibitive for many in these regions. Despite these challenges, the study identifies substantial opportunities for enhancing the effectiveness of MOOCs in developing countries. By localizing content, improving technological infrastructure, and aligning course offerings with local labor market needs, MOOCs can play a critical role in upskilling the workforce and fostering economic development. The study emphasizes the need for a holistic approach that integrates cultural sensitivity, infrastructure improvement, and economic support to make MOOCs a sustainable and scalable educational tool in developing regions. This research contributes to the broader understanding of how MOOCs can be adapted to meet the specific needs of learners in developing countries, proposing strategic recommendations for their successful implementation.
DEVELOPING RECOMMENDER SYSTEM FOR LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM USING TRANSFORMER AS ATTENTION-BASED MODELS
In the era of information overload, recommender systems (RS) have become crucial tools in improving user experience across various domains, including Learning Management Systems (LMS). RS in LMS is particularly valuable for providing personalized learning recommendations that align with user individual preferences, abilities, and needs. This paper proposes to develop an RS for LMS using transformer models as attention-based systems. By leveraging the self-attention mechanism of transformers, the proposed system can accurately focus on the most relevant aspects of user interactions, resulting in more precise and relevant recommendations. Our experiments compare the transformer-based model with the Neural Collaborative Filtering (NCF) model, demonstrating the superiority of the transformer model in both HR@10 and NDCG@10 metrics. The transformer model achieves HR@10 of 70.59% and NDCG@10 of 50.34%, outperforming the NCF model by capturing more complex interactions between users and learning materials. The results highlight the potential of transformers to enhance personalized learning experiences in LMS, offering a more robust framework for understanding user behavior and delivering tailored learning content.
STUDENT PREFERENCES FOR CHOOSING TO STUDY AT AN UNIVERSITAS TERBUKA
This study aims to analyze student preferences in selecting Universitas Terbuka (UT), particularly for distance education programs. The factors examined include promotion, recommendations, accreditation, tuition fees, location, institutional reputation, study programs, and supporting facilities. Data were collected using a Google Forms-based questionnaire distributed to 242 students from UT Makassar. Descriptive analysis using SPSS version 25 was employed to determine the frequency distributions and average scores for each preference indicator. The results show that promotion through social media and graduate testimonials significantly influence student interest, with mean scores of 4.0372 and 4.0661, respectively. Accreditation was also a key factor, with a mean score of 4.1860, reflecting its importance in establishing trust in the quality of the education program. Affordable tuition, flexibility in payment, and reduced transportation costs were highly valued, with mean scores above 4.0. Location flexibility and choice of exam locations were identified as primary attractions of distance education. Additionally, institutional reputation, especially international accreditation and successful alumni, was rated as important, with a mean score of 4.0950. Students also appreciated diverse study programs, curriculum flexibility, and industry relevance. Supporting digital facilities such as Learning Management Systems (LMS) and online libraries were key determinants of student preferences. These findings highlight the importance of understanding student preferences to enhance university strategies and competitiveness.
ASSESSMENT OF TECHNOLOGY ACCESS GAP AND ITS SOLUTIONS IN DISTANCE EDUCATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION
This study aims to evaluate the gap in technology access in distance education in higher education and present solutions to overcome this problem. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through interviews with students and lecturers, direct observation, and analysis of related documents. The research sample consisted of students and lecturers from several universities that implement distance education. This study revealed that there is a gap in technology access in distance education in higher education. Several factors that influence this gap include the availability of limited technology infrastructure, limited technological knowledge among students and lecturers, and limited internet access in certain areas. The proposed solutions to overcome this problem include improving technology infrastructure in higher education, providing technology training for students and lecturers, and collaborating with internet service providers to expand the reach of internet access. This study contributes to understanding the gap in technology access in distance education in higher education. The findings and solutions presented can be used as a reference for universities in improving technology accessibility in distance education. This study can also be a basis for further research in this field
FACING A VUCA WORLD: STRENGTHENING CRIMINAL LEGAL PROTECTION FOR DISTANCE EDUCATION IN THE DIGITAL ERA
In an era defined by Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, and Ambiguity (VUCA), the rapid advancement of digital technologies has reshaped both educational systems and the criminal legal landscape. Distance education, now integral to modern learning, faces unique threats, including cyber harassment, data breaches, digital fraud, and unauthorized access to online educational platforms. This study examines the urgent need for strengthened criminal legal protections specifically tailored to safeguard distance education in the digital age. It explores how criminal law must adapt to address these challenges, ensuring a safe and secure environment for educators and students alike. By analyzing primary, secondary, and tertiary sources, and employing positivist, interpretative, and critical approaches, this research identifies the primary criminal risks to distance education and evaluates existing legal frameworks for their effectiveness in the VUCA context. Findings reveal that the effectiveness of criminal law protections hinges on rapid adaptability, proactive policy-making, and robust technological integration. The study also underscores the importance of collaboration among educational institutions, law enforcement, and policymakers in creating a protective framework that responds to the complexities of digital threats. Key recommendations include updating criminal law provisions to address cyber-related educational crimes explicitly, enhancing digital literacy and awareness among educators and students, and implementing strict data protection standards. This research offers critical insights for policymakers, educational institutions, and legal professionals in developing a responsive and resilient legal framework for distance education, aimed at fostering a secure digital learning environment in a rapidly evolving world.
FIELD TESTING RESULTS OF REDESIGNING THE DIGITAL INTERACTIVE BOOK "COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT METHOD" FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION STUDENTS
The Cognitive Development Method (CDM) is one of the courses that must be taken by Early Childhood Education (ECE) students at Universitas Terbuka (UT) as their core competency. Learning materials in printed books and as many as 12 modules were prepared to facilitate students' learning independently. Today's rapid digital development demands learning materials that are more attractive and interactive for students. Moreover, the average age of ECE-UT students includes the millennial generation. One of the efforts to make it easier for students to learn is redesigning CDM printed books into interactive digital books. This study describes the field-testing results of digitally redesigning CDM books' appearance. The research method used is Research & Development. The display is more colorful, with more examples and pictures, and they can access relevant video enrichment. The field testing was applied to 377 ECE-UT students. The field-testing results showed (scale 5) that the attractiveness of shape, font size, and layout was rated 4.1. The color composition is still rated 4. The improvement suggestions submitted by students are about color composition to make it more attractive, the font size, the explanation of the material, and the appearance of the module cover to be made more attractive and created for each module, and digital books can be downloaded if possible. The study concludes that CDM's interactive digital book is adequate but must be refined according to user input.
RESEARCH ON ONLINE LEARNING IN SCIENCE EDUCATION: A BIBLIOMETRIC REVIEW OF SELECTED JOURNALS
This research aims to investigate the development of research regarding Online Learning (OL) in science education by considering aspects as represented in selected science journals regarding 1) the distribution of OL research in scientific journals, 2) the proportion of articles related to OL in the journals studied, 3 ) research methods regarding OL; 4) authors and citations of CT research articles, 5) level of education regarding OL research, and 6) scientific disciplines discussed regarding OL. This research was conducted by analyzing 22 articles from 3 reputable international journals in the field of science education, namely the Journal of Science Education (IJSE), Journal of the Learning Science (JOLS), and Studies in Science Education (SEE). The findings of this research show that research on OL will always increase from 2022. This study also shows that the mixed method is the most widely used research method related to OL. In addition, this study also found that research on OL, in general, does not focus on just one scientific discipline because of the general learning nature of online science learning. Other findings are discussed in detail in this study. Thus, this research provides researchers with essential knowledge regarding the latest developments in OL.
SHAPING THE FUTURE: TRENDS TRANSFORMING OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING TODAY
This study examines the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and adaptive learning in Open and Distance Learning (ODL) within the context of Eastern Indonesia. Using a qualitative approach, including semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and virtual observations of ODL platforms, we investigated the impact of these technologies on educational access and quality. Results indicate that AI-enhanced ODL significantly improves learning personalization, leading to increased student engagement and performance. However, the digital divide in remote areas poses a substantial challenge to implementation. SWOT analysis revealed opportunities for expanded educational access, counterbalanced by concerns over data privacy and algorithmic bias. The study emphasizes the critical need for digital literacy and ethical considerations in AI integration. These findings contribute to the understanding of AI in education, particularly in developing regions, and offer insights for policymakers and educators in leveraging AI for ODL while addressing associated challenges.
PREPARING TEACHERS FOR THE FUTURE: INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGY AND PEDAGOGY IN PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
The skills that students must have to succeed in facing the development of the 21st century are learning skills (creative thinking, critical thinking, collaboration, and communication), literacy skills (information literacy, media literacy, and technology literacy), and life skills (flexibility, leadership, initiative, productivity, and social skills). To equip students with these skills, teachers need to be well prepared. Teachers need to be prepared to master these skills so that they can be transferred to students. In connection with these demands, teachers need to be prepared to be able to meet challenges and opportunities by developing the skills needed by students to be able to succeed in the future. This article will present the integration of technology in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of instruction and efforts that can be made to prepare teachers to meet the challenges faced and the opportunities available through teacher participation in professional development programs. Through the integration of technology into instruction, teachers should be proficient in using various digital devices and platforms to improve the quality of instruction. This is related to the level of digital literacy. In addition, teachers should be able to integrate technology into lesson plans to create student engagement in learning and develop meaningful learning experiences. Teachers also need to teach students how to use technology to solve problems and think critically. Through continuous professional development, teachers are encouraged to always update their insights by always following the latest trends and research in the field of Education. In addition, teachers need to receive professional guidance to be able to convince them that the changes they make are in accordance with the expected demands. In addition, teachers also need to be given the opportunity to participate in professional communities with colleagues where they can share ideas and best practices. This theoretical study is expected to be the basis for determining indicators for measuring teacher digital literacy and efforts that can be made to develop and improve these skills through professional development programs.
ANALYSIS OF PROSPECTIVE STUDENTS' SATISFACTION WITH THE RECOGNITION OF PRIOR LEARNING (RPL) PROCESS AT UNIVERSITAS TERBUKA
Universitas Terbuka admits new students each semester, including the Early Childhood Education Teacher (ECET) Study programme. As part of this admissions process, the UT offers to recognise prior learning (RPL) by waiving courses. This process is outlined in the registration system through the application https://admisi-sia.ut.ac.id. The purpose of this study is to analyse prospective students' satisfaction with the registration process for the ECET – UT study Programme. The research method is a survey with an indicator questionnaire including: convenience, time, suitability, funding, completion and accuracy, distributed via g-form to randomly selected respondents. The population is prospective ECET study programme students with a sample of 100 prospective students. The research was conducted during the registration period for the 2024/2025 odd semester (2024 odd). The data was analysed using percentages and presented descriptively. The results showed that the level of satisfaction of prospective students was very high with regard to the ease, suitability, funding and accuracy of RPL recognition, while the level of satisfaction of prospective students tended to be low with regard to time indicators and the case resolution process. Recommendations can be made to improve RPL services and shorten the RPL process.
IMPROVING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SCIENTIFIC WORK LEARNING AT OPEN UNIVERSITIES: EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This research aims to evaluate the implementation of Karil courses at UT with a focus on student readiness, teaching methods, lecturer guidance, and the use of technology. This research also provides recommendations to improve the quality of learning. Evaluation is carried out through a survey of students, and analysis of the results of students' scientific work. Data were collected using questionnaires designed to assess various aspects of course implementation. The findings of the study show that although students experience improved academic writing skills after taking this course, there are still several challenges, including limitations in personal guidance, technical difficulties in using e-learning platforms, and variations in the quality of scientific papers. Students feel less prepared before taking courses and need more support in terms of research methodology and guidance. The implementation of Karil courses at UT needs to be improved by providing more intensive initial guidance, increasing interaction between lecturers and students, and improving the use of technology. Recommendations include the provision of additional training, improvement of the quality of guidance, and improvement of technical support.
DEVELOPMENT OF OFFLINE LEARNING MEDIA REPOSITORY FOR UT-AKSES INDONESIA PROGRAM
Today, the repository is a potentially rich source of useful information, data, images, and research results. Open source software helps primarily in lowering initial and ongoing costs, eliminating vendor lock-in and allowing for greater application flexibility. The main advantage of open source software is that it is generally free to use like DSpace applications. DSpace is an open source software platform for storing, managing and distributing collections in digital format. The DSpace application supports creating digital archives that are more permanent and shareable than analog archives. DSpace can support a wide variety of artifacts, including learning media. The need for learning media by Universitas Terbuka (UT) students who live in remote parts of Indonesia who do not have reliable internet access have difficulty accessing UT Online is urgently needed. This condition creates a huge digital divide compared to their urban counterparts. For this reason, it is necessary to have support services and one of them is through the UT-AKSES program. This program provides a local server design for a wireless network system named "UT-AKSES" based on offline repository learning media. Offline Internet servers have two (2) main functions to serve the student learning process and support offline Internet network operations. The SSH, DHCP, and DNS servers are used to perform offline Internet network operations. Apache Web Server, Moodle e-Learning, Kiwix, and file sharing for online libraries to aid the student learning process. Kiwix is used to make Wikipedia accessible offline for students. Two major system requirements, namely, performance and affordability, are critical for remote students for Offline Internet operations. Following the desired performance sequence, the Internet server design can use Raspberry Pi 3 or 4, mini pc, or personal computer to serve 100 students. The project also discovered the most feasible service in term of budget, capacity and the reliability services. The compared budget for the server ranges from Rp. 700,000 to 8 million with the wifi-coverage ranges from 10 meters to 2 km. The mini PC seems to become affordable and reliable choice to be implemented for upscaling digital literacy and access for UT students in Internet blank spot areas.
QUALITY AUDIT IN ACADEMIC MATRICULATION LEARNING FOR THE DOCTORAL PROGRAM OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AT UNIVERSITAS TERBUKA
It is not uncommon for academic matriculation learning to be overlooked in learning quality audits. This is a consequence of the nature of learning in zero semester and non-credit courses, despite the mandatory requirement to pass in order to continue in the subsequent semester. The three core areas are: Utilization of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for Learning, Advanced Academic Reading and Writing Skills, and Strengthening Scientific Research are foundational materials that are vital and advantageous for students. The question, therefore, is how the quality assurance of these three topics can be ensured. This paper employs observational techniques based on the analysis of assignments and interviews conducted with key informants, drawing upon the theoretical framework established by Ossiannilsson, Williams, Camilleri and Brown (2015) to address the central inquiry. In the view of Ossiannilsson, Williams, Camilleri and Brown (2015), quality assurance is an effective method of improving quality when the following characteristics are present in a quality assurance system: multifaceted, dynamic, mainstreamed, representative and multifunctional. The results of the study indicate that the learning process employs equivalent quality measures, taking into account strategies, policies, processes, and outputs that are holistically conceived, in order to fulfill the multifaceted nature of the endeavor. Furthermore, the matriculation learning offers flexibility, making it a dynamic resource. It would be advisable to implement improvements in the mainstreamed nature of the real-world application of skills taught in the subsequent learning process, with the objective of ensuring good collaboration and assurance. In terms of representativeness, this matriculation strives to strike a balance between maintaining quality and meeting the demands of stakeholders. The multifunctional nature is evident in the material that fosters a culture of quality within the institution through the expected learning outcomes. This research underscores the significance of coordination with study program stakeholders to ensure the effective implementation of this academic matriculation learning in enhancing students' academic work culture.
THE INFLUENCE OF VIRAL MARKETING AND WORD OF MOUTH (WOM) ON THE DECISION OF CHOOSING A CAMPUS AMONG MAJENE OPEN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
This research aims to determine the influence of viral marketing and word of mouth (WoM) on the choice decisions of Majene Open University students. The method used is causal research. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis with a significance level of 0.05 with the SPSS 25 program. This research method uses the multiple linear regression method. The sampling technique in this research used non-probability sampling using the Slovin formula, obtaining a total of 155 respondents from a population of 251 people, and the data collection technique used the snow ball technique. The results of this research show that viral marketing and word of mouth (WoM) have a positive and significant effect on the choice decisions of Majene Open University students.
EXPLORING THE SYNERGY OF AI AND LEARNING ANALYTICS: A NEW PARADIGM FOR PERSONALIZED LEARNING IN DISTANCE EDUCATION
This article discusses the application of machine learning for the personalization of early semester students in the context of Distance Education (PJJ) at the Open University (UT). UT students, who number more than half a million, are spread throughout Indonesia and have a high diversity. For this reason, learning solutions that effectively involve students and improve academic performance are needed. Along with the development of Big Data technology, Artificial Intelligence (AI) with Learning Analytics has emerged as a promising approach to increase student engagement in learning and learning outcomes. The research methodology involves the collection, pre-processing, and process of Moodle log data as a Learning Management System (LMS) used at UT, as well as student grade data from the Academic Information System. Python-based machine learning classification algorithms are used to identify patterns and predict student learning outcomes. Key features such as components, activities, and target students during the online tutorial, the number of access to each tutorial session, participation in discussions, and the results of the tutorial assessment were used to train the mechine learning model. The findings show that the model can accurately predict student success classes and provide tailored recommendations to improve learning outcomes with f, this study highlights the potential of AI-based Learning Analytics to create a more personalized and effective learning environment in Distance Education. The research is expected to contribute to how to use a data-based approach/big data to identify a large number of PJJ personalization both in quantitative and qualitative terms. This research also underlines the importance of adopting innovative technology to overcome the challenges of PJJ student engagement and performance in order to create more effective and efficient learning strategies.
MICROCREDENTIALS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY (DUDI): A MACHINE LEARNING ANALYSIS
Microcredentials are becoming a new approach in education and training that is increasingly popular, especially in facing the challenges of the industrial revolution 4.0. This study aims to analyze the perspective of the Business and Industry World (DUDI) on the implementation of microcredentials in Indonesia. Data were obtained from Focus Group Discussions (FGD) involving representatives of DUDI and several related ministries. FGD data in the form of Minutes of Meeting (MoM) and audio recordings were processed using machine learning techniques to identify patterns, perceptions, and preferences of DUDI regarding microcredentials. The results of the analysis show that DUDI sees microcredentials as a strategic tool to fill skills, but there is a need for further collaboration between the government, educational institutions, and industry in developing clear and relevant standards. In addition, machine learning methods are able to provide deeper insights into the sentiments and main topics that emerge in the discussion, which can be the basis for further development policies and programs. This study provides an important contribution in understanding how DUDI views microcredentials and offers practical recommendations to optimize the implementation of microcredentials in an industrial context.
THE ADVANTAGES AND CHALLENGES OF FACE-TO-FACE VS. WEBINAR TUTORIALS FOR DISTANCE LEARNERS AT THE OPEN UNIVERSITY
This research examines the two tutorial models provided by Universitas Terbuka (UT) to facilitate student learning. Face-to-face tutorials refer to in-person learning sessions held in physical classrooms, where an instructor is physically present to guide and interact with students. In contrast, webinar tutorials are distance learning sessions conducted remotely through web-based platforms, allowing students to participate in tutorial activities virtually. This study aims to analyze the advantages and limitations of the two tutorial models, namely face-to-face and webinar, in meeting the diverse learning needs of distance learners at Universitas Terbuka. The research was conducted at Universitas Terbuka Bandar Lampung, during the Tutorial period from April to June 2024. This study employed a qualitative approach through a literature review and interviews with stakeholders at Universitas Terbuka. Data was collected regarding student profiles, learning style preferences, and their experiences with face-to-face and webinar tutorials. The findings indicate that face-to-face tutorials offer immediate interaction and feedback, which is beneficial for students who prefer hands-on learning. However, this format is limited by specific location and schedule requirements. On the other hand, webinar tutorials provide greater accessibility and flexibility, suitable for students with scheduling or location constraints. Although the interaction between students and instructors is more limited, the online platform enables the use of multimedia resources and interactive features to enhance the learning experience. By offering both tutorial options, Universitas Terbuka can cater to the diverse needs of its heterogeneous student population.
DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL LITERACY OF UNIVERSITAS TERBUKA STUDENTS
Digital literacy in education is an essential skill in today's technological era, enabling students to access, utilize, and comprehend information digitally. This literacy encompasses the ability to use technological tools such as computers and the internet, as well as critical skills in evaluating and using information from digital sources. In distance education, digital literacy is crucial for supporting independent, collaborative, and effective learning using various digital resources, as well as preparing students to face the challenges of an increasingly technology-dependent workforce. This study sampled students from Universitas Terbuka (UT) participating in web-based tutorials (Tuweb) in the regencies of Maros, North Luwu, Tana Toraja, and Wajo, who were enrolled in mathematics-related courses. The research analyzed the relationship between digital literacy (X1), socioeconomic conditions (X2), and factors supporting digital literacy (X3) on academic achievement (Y) using Pearson correlation. Data were collected through a Likert scale questionnaire distributed via Google Form to 200 respondents, with 190 responses being processable, and the data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. The results of this study indicate that simultaneously, the variables: digital literacy (X1), socioeconomic conditions (X2), and factors supporting digital literacy (X3) do not significantly correlate with the learning outcome variable (Y). However, partially, each X variable significantly correlates both with the Y variable and among the X variables.
DEVELOPMENT OF E-LEARNING AS A DISTANCE LEARNING PLATFORM IN THE ERA OF INDUSTRY 4.0
Industry 4.0 has significantly transformed the educational landscape by promoting the adoption of digital technologies within le arning environments. A notable impact of this industrial revolution is the introduction of technology-assisted learning innovations, such as digital media, resources, and educational platforms. E-learning has emerged as a prominent instructional platform in the Industry 4.0 educational era, as it facilitates remote learning and fosters innovation in teaching and learning processes. This study aims to develop and assess the practicality of a website-based e-learning product for SMP 1 Barru, Indonesia. The research employs the 4D model, which consists of the stages: define, design, develop, and disseminate. The study commences with an analysis of students, the learning process, and educational tools to identify core learning issues. The analysis, conducted through observations and interviews, revealed that students require digital learning tools that are accessible anytime and anywhere to support educational activities, such as e-learning. The subsequent phase involves the design and development of the e-learning platform by creating a prototype using a website builder. The third stage includes developing the e-learning product by initially evaluating the validity of its content and materials with the involvement of two experts in educational products and e-learning. Expert validation yielded an average score of 3.92 out of a maximum score of 4.0, indicating that the product is deemed suitable for use, particularly for remote learning. The product was then tested for practicality with a small group using a practicality questionnaire. The respondents included two teachers (one senior and one junior) and six students selected based on low, medium, and high achievement levels. The average total score of the practicality questionnaire was 3.30 out of a maximum score of 4.0, suggesting that the product is practical for supporting the learning process. The results of expert validation and practicality testing highlight the potential of e-learning as a practical solution for enhancing education in the digital era. However, it requires ongoing maintenance and content development to ensure sustainability and improve the learning experience
DEVELOPMENT OF A WEBSITE-BASED UNIVERSITAS TERBUKA ALUMNI APPLICATION
In a university, alumni have an important role in the subsequent education system, because their experience in utilizing education after graduating can provide input and new ideas for the university. Therefore, it is necessary to collect alumni data, especially for old generation alumni who do not yet have communication facilities between alumni, so media is needed to connect communication between alumni to exchange information and provide input and ideas to the institution. This research aims to develop an alumni website for use by alumni of Universitas Terbuka (UT) Medan, using a development model that takes into account the character of UT Medan, carried out through three stages, namely: (1) pre-development stage, (2) development stage, (3) model implementation stage. From the results of research on the development of the UT Medan alumni website, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) The UT Medan alumni website does not contain alumni searches, but contains information that can be used by alumni such as educational information, job vacancies, scholarship information; (2) The UT Medan alumni website can establish indirect communication between alumni, especially the latest information on educational developments, job vacancies and scholarships, because there is a menu for exchanging information by users.
THE ROLE OF GURU PINTAR ONLINE UNIVERSITAS TERBUKA (SMART ONLINE TEACHERS OF OPEN UNIVERSITY) IN DEVELOPING THE ABILITY TO ANALYZE LEARNING ACTIVITIES OF UT STUDENTS
This study aims to investigate the role of Smart Online Teachers of Open University (GPO-UT) in developing the ability of Early Childhood Education Study Program (PGPAUD) UT students to analyze a video of a learning activity. This study was conducted on 25 PGPAUD students who took an online tutorial in the Media and Learning Resources course for Kindergarten class 01 between May and June 2023. The research method used a qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of open questions. The researcher evaluated the results of the students' analysis. The results showed that learning videos from the Smart Online Teachers platform can be a tool to develop students' analytical skills for a learning activity. In addition, through interactive online tutorials, which facilitate student discussion and reflection, students' analytical skills can be further developed. This study provides practical implications for the usefulness of the Online Smart Teacher learning platform.
ANALYZING THE ROLE OF DIGITAL LITERACY IN ENHANCING SOCIAL PRESENCE IN WEB TUTORIALS
Digital literacy and social presence are fundamental components influencing the effectiveness of online learning environments, particularly within distance education settings. This study investigates how digital literacy impacts social presence among students participating in tutorial webinars. Although both digital literacy and social presence have been extensively researched in isolation, there is a gap in understanding how their interaction affects online learning outcomes. A quantitative approach was employed, involving 112 students who completed a survey with 36 questions designed based on the technology acceptance model and digital literacy framework. Data were analyzed using multivariate regression to assess the relationships between these variables. The results from analysis indicate that digital literacy significantly enhances both dimensions of social presence—connectivity and learning presence—in web tutorials. This enhanced social presence subsequently improves student engagement and learning outcomes. The findings emphasize the critical role of digital literacy in strengthening social presence and, consequently, in boosting the overall effectiveness of online education. This study's implications are significant for educators, program designers, and facilitators who seek to optimize the quality of web tutorials and other online learning experiences. Enhancing digital literacy can be a strategic approach to foster greater engagement and success in online learning contexts.
ANALYSIS OF THE DISTANCE LEARNING SUCCESS SUPPORT PROGRAM (LPKBJJ) AND STUDENT SELF-EFFICACY AT UNIVERSITAS TERBUKA
The Distance Learning Success Support Program (LPKBJJ) plays a crucial role in introducing distance learning to new students at Universitas Terbuka. LPKBJJ includes several activities such as the New Student Orientation (OSMB), which introduces the distance learning system emphasizing self-directed learning; the Distance Learning Skills Training (PKBJJ), which equips students with effective learning skills within the distance higher education system (PTJJ); the Task Workshop (WT), an academic assistance service aimed at helping students complete their assignments successfully; and the Exam Clinic (KU), designed to improve students’ readiness and confidence in navigating distance learning and various exam formats such as face-to-face exams (UTM), online course exams (UO-MK), and Take Home Exams (THE). As an open distance education institution in the digital era, Universitas Terbuka (UT) is undergoing a transformation in line with the advancement of learning technologies, significant changes, and shifts in learning paradigms with the adoption of online learning. Factors like mobility, access to digital resources, and the need for flexibility have driven UT to innovate its services to meet students' evolving needs. The LPKBJJ program plays a significant role in supporting students' self-efficacy, which includes their confidence, self-actualization, intelligence, and ability to succeed in the PTJJ system and achieve optimal learning outcomes.Several factors can negatively impact students' self-efficacy, such as a lack of direct interaction, difficulties in self-motivation, and technical challenges associated with online learning. These issues can affect students' ability to remain in their study programs. This research aims to explore and describe the LPKBJJ program for students at Universitas Terbuka Makassar and strategies to enhance students' ability to overcome obstacles in online distance learning by improving their self-efficacy.The research used descriptive non-parametric quantitative statistics. The population consisted of 98 new students from various study programs across Pinrang Regency, Enrekang Regency, Sidrap Regency, and Parepare City, all registered at UT Makassar for the 2024.1 registration period. The sample used in the study was the same as the population. Data were collected through PKBJJ forms, questionnaires, documentation, and interviews. The resulting data were primary data from the analysis of distance learning skills training and its impact on the self-efficacy of new students.The increase in the gross participation rate of new students requires the LPKBJJ program to maintain students' self-efficacy, encouraging them to actively engage in the learning environment independently. The findings show that the students' cognitive knowledge of distance learning and self-efficacy, measured as their confidence in following distance learning, had an average score of 62.5%, falling into the moderate category. The affective self-efficacy, based on the acceptance of the distance learning system and students’ self-motivation, averaged 60.5%, also in the moderate category. Finally, the psychomotor self-efficacy, based on students’ skills in using online learning applications, averaged 60.5%, categorized as moderate. The LPKBJJ program fosters students' confidence in their ability to engage in distance learning by utilizing technology independently and motivates them to achieve success in completing their study programs. Independent learning is a key characteristic of PTJJ students. This research will continue in the following year to examine student retention in the second and third semesters.
OPTIMIZING DIGITAL LEARNING: A SOFT SYSTEMS APPROACH TO KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN OPEN DISTANCE LEARNING
Digital transformation in higher education, especially through open distance learning (ODL), has created a new paradigm in institutional knowledge management. This study analyzes the application of knowledge management in the context of ODL using the Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) approach, with a focus on optimizing the learning process and knowledge transfer in the digital environment. The research methodology uses a qualitative approach through systematic observation and comprehensive literature review on the implementation of knowledge management in various higher education institutions. The results of the study identified three main dimensions of the challenge: technological, socio-cultural, and managerial-organizational. Analysis using SSM produces an integrated conceptual model that connects various elements of the knowledge management system in the context of ODL. The main findings suggest that the successful implementation of knowledge management in ODL requires a holistic approach that considers the complex interactions between technological infrastructure, socio-cultural dynamics, and organizational structure. This research produces an implementation framework that can be adapted by higher education institutions in developing an effective knowledge management system to support distance learning.
COST ANALYSIS OF INNOVATION IN LEARNING TECHNOLOGY
In this research, the main objective is to analyze the cost components involved in the innovation of learning technology and examine the factors influencing decision-making in the development of learning technology innovations from a cost perspective. The research follows a qualitative descriptive method and utilizes data collection techniques such as interviews, observations, and literature review. Data analysis is conducted using content analysis. The findings reveal that the costs associated with technology development span across various stages, including research, design, testing, production, implementation, maintenance, and support. Through a comprehensive analysis, organizations can gain a better understanding of how costs are allocated, manage their budget effectively, and optimize their resources. This analysis empowers decision-makers to make informed choices and enhance the efficiency of their investments in technology development.
DESIGNING OF MODEL AND STRUCTURE ON CALCULUS MATERIAL USING AN ADAPTIVE LEARNING APPROACH IN DISTANCE LEARNING
Distance learning has revolutionized education, including the availability of open sources, cloud-based web technologies (e.g., Wikipedia, blogs, and social networks), and online learning, e.g., e-learning (e.g., Coursera, Udemy, and edX). However, one of the challenges of most e-learning today is the application of traditional learning models to e-learning. All participants follow the presentation of learning materials with the same difficulty and speed, although the speed of student understanding varies. Therefore, Adaptive Learning (AL) can be an alternative e-learning model that can personalize the methods and habits of each student. The adaptive learning model is a model in which the process and progress of student learning are adjusted to each student's competence and learning speed so that it has high learning effectiveness. In this paper, we design an adaptive learning model that is applied to calculus learning through an online platform by developing the structure and flow of calculus materials and assessment procedures that will be applied to the platform. This study aims to identify calculus materials and design a model and structure of AL Calculus, including the assessment process to measure student learning achievement. The learning flow can allow students to choose the modules they will study according to their level of competence in each material but still apply the minimum standards that must be achieved before proceeding to the next level. The result is a model and structure of the learning of calculus material consisting of ten modules with five levels that must be studied.
OVERCOMING CHALLENGES IN MODERN CHROMATOGRAPHY LEARNING: ANALYZING STUDENT NEEDS FOR SCAFFOLDING-BASED INTERACTIVE MEDIA
Modern chromatography is a crucial analytical technique in chemistry, yet it is often challenging for students to grasp. This difficulty arises from the complexity of the theory and the gap between theoretical concepts and laboratory practice. This study aims to identify the barriers students face in learning modern chromatography and to assess their needs for scaffolding-based interactive learning media as a potential solution. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the research involved 43 students and alumni from the Chemistry Education Program at the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Terbuka. A questionnaire was employed to explore their understanding of the material, use of learning media, and independence in learning. The results reveal that students encounter significant challenges in comprehending modern chromatography theory, primarily due to limited access to learning resources, a lack of hands-on practice, and insufficient visual explanations. Scaffolding-based interactive learning media is considered capable of addressing these issues by providing clear visualizations, interactive exercises, and step-by-step feedback. The use of interactive media is expected to enhance both material comprehension and learning interest, while the scaffolding approach is deemed effective in helping students overcome difficulties in understanding complex concepts. The findings indicate that although respondents have high confidence in using technology, there are challenges in self-directed learning and the effectiveness of online tutorials. The study recommends the development of more adaptive and interactive learning media, as well as enhanced support in online tutorials to better meet student needs. By leveraging interactive learning media and the scaffolding approach, it is anticipated that students' understanding of modern chromatography will significantly improve, along with their ability to develop stronger independent learning skills.
AI-POWERED DIFFERENTIATED FLIPPED CLASSROOM DESIGN THINKING: FOSTERING DIGITAL LITERACY, CREATIVE THINKING, AND SELF-EFFICACY
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into the Flipped Classroom Design Thinking model offers a promising approach to enhance digital literacy, creative thinking skills, and self-efficacy among university students. This hypothetical model proposes a student-centered learning environment that combines independent learning with collaborative interactions. The model's syntax involves out-of-class activities such as mind mapping, observation, brainstorming using AI, prototype development, and testing, followed by in-class activities like presentations, evaluations, discussions, and wrap-up sessions. The model's effectiveness is supported by various learning theories, including constructivism, cognitivism, social cognitive theory, Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, transformative learning theory, and connectivism. The integration of AI tools further empowers students to explore innovative solutions, receive personalized feedback, and engage in collaborative learning experiences. By fostering digital literacy, creative thinking, and self-efficacy, this model has the potential to equip students with essential skills for success in the 21st century. It also promotes a deeper understanding of concepts, problem-solving abilities, collaboration, communication skills, motivation, critical thinking, and overall academic achievement. The proposed model represents a significant step towards leveraging AI's potential to create transformative learning experiences that prepare students for the challenges and opportunities of the digital age.
INNOVATION IN OPEN-DISTANCE LEARNING: GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY OF QUANTUM GIS (QGIS)
This article aims to explore the use of Geographic Information System-based applications namely Quantum GIS (QGIS), an open-source geospatial technology, in supporting new research and innovation in Open and Distance learning / ODL. ODL faces challenges in the accurate and efficient distribution and analysis of geospatial data. Geospatial technologies such as QGIS offer solutions that can optimize the process of data collection, analysis, and visualization for educational purposes, especially in diverse geographical and demographic contexts. This study uses the literature review method to review various studies that have used QGIS in geospatial data analysis. The main focus is on QGIS's ability to analyze vector, raster, and attribute data to support decision-making in distance education. The results of the literature review show that QGIS allows for a clearer and more structured visualization of the geographical distribution and accessibility of education. QGIS is capable of performing vector data analysis through conversion, data management, 3D analysis, and network analysis with the help of plugins such as QuickOSM, qgis2threejs, and MMQGIS. QGIS supports remote sensing analysis, data management, and interpolation using plugins such as Dzetsaka and Free-hand Raster Geo-referencer. Meanwhile, attribute data analysis is facilitated by table conversion and editing with plugins such as Profile Tool and Travel Time. Plugins such as qgis2web and Quickmapservices also play an important role in interactive data visualization and access to base maps. Using QGIS as an open-source geospatial technology in open-distance education research provides significant benefits in terms of efficiency, accuracy, and ease of data analysis. The implementation of QGIS is expected to improve the quality and equality of education in various regions by utilizing geospatial data effectively.
DIGITAL DIVIDE AND LITERACY: IMPACT ON STUDENT ENGAGEMENT IN DISTANCE LEARNING
The digital divide has become a significant barrier to distance learning, particularly for students in remote areas with limited access to technology. This study aims to explore the impact of the digital divide and digital literacy on student engagement in distance learning, examined through three dimensions: behavioral, emotional, and cognitive. A qualitative method was employed, using in-depth interviews with 15 students selected through purposive sampling from regions far from urban centers. Data analysis was conducted through triangulation, with validation via cross-checking and member checking, and thematic coding was applied to identify key themes. The identified themes were further analyzed to gain an in-depth understanding of how the digital divide affects student engagement.The findings reveal that limited internet access, low-quality devices, and the high cost of technology negatively impact students' behavioral engagement. Students also experienced emotional isolation due to technological barriers, while their cognitive engagement was hindered by low levels of digital literacy. The implications of this study highlight the importance of improving internet infrastructure in remote areas, providing technology subsidies, and offering digital literacy training to enhance students' academic engagement in distance learning.
THE LEARNER SUPPORT PROGRAMS: HOW DOES IT WORK FOR INCREASING STUDENTS’ RETENTION?
Universitas Terbuka in Indonesia is a pioneer in distance learning that offers a comprehensive learning support programs to improve students’ retention. Assignment workshops and exam clinics provide valuable guidance and support for students to help them overcome academic challenges and achieve their educational goals. Moving forward, continued investment in such support services is essential for promoting students’ retention and fostering a positive learning environment. This paper discusses how do learner support programs implemented by Universitas Terbuka (UT) enhance student retention. The programs include distance learning skill workshops, assignment workshops, and exam clinics. The programs are aimed to provide academic assistance and guidance for supporting students’ independent study. The study employes a qualitative research method involving questionnaires and in-depth interviews. To support the research, some students taking Bachelor of English Education Study Program were involved as key participants. The results indicate that learner support programs have a positive impact on student academic success and student retention; students more confidence during their study, increasing their technology literacy skills, and enhancing their independence. From this study, it can be drawn that learner support programs employed by UT are strategically important to maintain student satisfaction, support student success, and their retention.
THE IMPACT OF INTERACTION, CONNECTEDNESS, AND TUTORIAL PATTERNS ON STUDENT ATTENDANCE IN ONLINE TUTORIALS
This study examines the impact of interaction, social connectedness, and tutorial patterns on student attendance in distance learning at Universitas Terbuka. The background addresses challenges in distance education, where student retention and graduation rates are often lower compared to face-to-face learning. The study aims to explore the extent to which interaction, the sense of connectedness, and variations in tutorial patterns influence student attendance in online tutorials. A quantitative approach with a descriptive-correlational design was employed, involving 135 students selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using linear regression with SPSS 21.0 software. The results indicate that all three variables—interaction, connectedness, and tutorial patterns—have a positive and significant impact on student attendance, with social connectedness exerting the most substantial influence. The regression model explains 39.1% of the variability in student attendance. These findings underscore the importance of effective interaction, strong social connectedness, and diverse tutorial patterns in enhancing student attendance, and contribute valuable insights for developing more effective and inclusive distance learning strategies.
SOCIAL MEDIA IN EDUCATION: ARE TEACHERS READY FOR THE DIGITAL SHIFT?
The use of social media in education has become an important topic in the digital era, although the level of readiness and utilization among educators still varies. This study aims to evaluate educators' readiness to use social media as a learning tool across different teaching stages. A survey with questionnaires was distributed to educators from various backgrounds, including teaching stage, age, gender, years of teaching experience, and subjects taught, to collect data on the frequency of use, the most frequently used platforms, purposes of use, and the challenges faced. The results show that platforms such as Instagram, TikTok, Twitter, and Facebook can enhance student engagement in an interactive and engaging way, facilitate flexible learning, and build a broader learning community. However, there are significant challenges, such as a lack of specific training for teachers, limited digital literacy, concerns about privacy and data security, and inadequate technological infrastructure, especially in remote areas. Although most teachers have access to technology and basic digital skills, these barriers need to be addressed to maximize the potential of social media in education. Additional support, such as training and infrastructure improvements, is needed to fully harness the potential of social media. The implications of this study indicate the need for more flexible policies and strong institutional support to enhance teachers' readiness to use social media, reduce barriers, and achieve a more inclusive and innovative education.
INNOVATION “LIB TALK" IN SERVICE STUDENT TO IMPROVE KNOWLEDGE BASED IN DISTANCE LEARNING SITUATION
The purpose of this study is to explore the digital application Zoom, which provides consultation online from the Open University library to assist students in searching for and finding their references. The activity is called Library Talking with abbreviation “Lib Talk” that created since February, 2023. The librarians offer knowledge and consultation as a part of Open University students to support their studies. This study examines the impact of student services on successfully obtaining and finding for references to support their studies at the Open University. The research used survey method to gather preliminary finding in the effectivities of “Lib Talk”. The result The results show that most of sample believed that Lib talk help them to finding and searching their reference. Through "Lib Talk" action, student fell helpful and know how to finding and searching their reference in support their study. Awareness of the Live Talk action should be frequently act not only once a week but also regularly action in some subject and level. It is believed that the finding of this research will provide a better understanding of the role of digital communication in building knowledge based in finding and searching in the academic community in supporting distance education, as well as provide insight for other educational institutions that wish to improve accessibility and use of technology in distance education.
DESIGN OF VIRTUAL REALITY-BASED ELEMENTARY SCHOOL SOCIAL ARITHMETIC LEARNING GAME WITH ETHNOMATHEMATICS APPROACH
Given the importance of mathematics and students' need for optimal mathematical abilities, alternative solutions are needed to solve these problems. The development of learning resource products in virtual reality-based learning media with an ethnomathematics approach can be used by students to learn an alternative solution to these problems so that learning is based on the latest technological developments. Furthermore, the development of learning media using an ethnomathematics approach has proven to increase students' interest and motivation to learn, which can improve students' mathematics learning outcomes. Social arithmetic is one of the subjects in mathematics that studies the basic operations of a number related to everyday life, which is quite interesting for teachers and students if presented with learning media. The ethnomathematics approach used in this Research focuses on community activities in Riau Islands Province. The cultural product taken from the Riau Islands region is Luti Gendang. This Research designs a virtual reality-based elementary school social arithmetic learning game with an ethnomathematics approach using the research and development method through the ADDIE model. This model consists of five steps: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The five stages are summarized into three parts: planning, development, and evaluation. This Research focuses on the first part, namely planning. The planning part consists of two stages: analysis in the form of needs assessment and design. The needs analysis stage involves gathering information to identify problems related to learning media development. This process includes interviews with math teachers to understand the needs of learners through teachers in learning social arithmetic. This analysis also includes an examination of material needs, learning objectives, and learner needs, as well as an analysis of the culture in the Riau Islands (Batam) relevant to the material. In addition, there is also a design stage. The design stage was carried out by developing a plan for the product development process. The initial steps were determining the software that would be used to develop the media, creating image displays to illustrate, and completing the material obtained from various sites.
VISUALIZING CRYSTAL STRUCTURES: ADVANCING DIGITAL LITERACY IN DISTANCE LEARNING
In the increasingly advanced digital era, distance learning has become crucial at all levels of education, especially due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. While distance learning offers flexibility, it also presents challenges in teaching complex subjects such as crystallography, which require visualization for comprehensive understanding. Consequently, it's important to enhance students' digital literacy. The research objective was to explore the role of technology, specifically Diamond software, in visualizing crystal structures to develop students' digital literacy. The research used a descriptive qualitative approach involving students taking Solid-state physics courses within a distance learning system. Data was gathered through digital literacy tests (pre-test and post-test), interviews, and observations of student interactions with Diamond software, which were then analyzed using thematic analysis. This research also emphasizes the differences between independent and guided learning methods. The research results show that Diamond software significantly enhances students' digital literacy, particularly in technological skills, understanding crystallography concepts, and being ethical about data sources and visualization results. These findings indicate that technology-based learning (3D simulation) with guided learning can effectively promote digital literacy and aid students in comprehending specific concepts (crystal structure) in distance learning, particularly in science education.
UNIVERSITAS TERBUKA ONLINE LEARNING STRATEGY IN THE DEMOGRAPHIC BONUS ON MADURA ISLAND
Indonesia has the fourth largest population in the world and has the most islands in the world (demographic bonus plus geography). This condition is a challenge for learning in Indonesia at all levels. This study was conducted to capture the strategies carried out by Universitas Terbuka as a learning reinforcement for residents in the Madura archipelago. This study is a qualitative descriptive study with a case study approach that uses data collection techniques through direct observation and in-depth Interview withs with informants consisting of students, alumni, village government officials, and community leaders. From the research conducted, it was found that the online learning model carried out by Universitas Terbuka is one form of learning that is suitable for the Madura archipelago because students can learn without having to come to campus, which requires large costs. It's just that the learning model that has been running, namely based on text modules, needs to be strengthened by adapting digital technology such as synchronous webinars, so that there is active interaction between teachers and students.
STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION AND INTERACTION BASED ON LOCAL CULTURE IN ONLINE LEARNING
The purpose of this study was to analyze students’ learning motivations and their interactions and collaborations in a virtual learning environment based on local culture at Universitas Terbuka. This study used a qualitative method with interviews from students with different cultural backgrounds in Indonesia. The findings indicated that motivation played an important role in participating in online learning. The cultural diversity of participants has a positive impact on multiethnic interactions and broadens the perspective of knowledge and enriches the diversity of the learning environment. Furthermore, the findings also suggested that interaction and collaboration between students and tutors could be in the form of feedback given by the tutors to students, also informal interactions among students on social media. However, interaction and collaboration rarely occurred because students only responded to discussions and assignments given individually, and did not respond to other students in the discussions.
THE USE OF VIRTUAL REALITY AS LEARNING MEDIA IN CRIMINAL PRACTICE COURSES
Legal education not only prioritizes student understanding of the mastery of legal knowledge, but also student mastery of the skills of prospective legal scholars. The legal skills needed include the ability to compile legal arguments and skills to resolve disputes both in litigation in court and non-litigation in alternative dispute resolution. The cultivation of legal skills or legal proficiency in legal education is obtained by students through criminal practice and civil practice courses. So far, in the legal practice course at the law study program Universitas Terbuka, assessment has been carried out through the preparation of a file of legal documents. However, assessment through case filing is still considered inadequate to equip students in compiling legal arguments and resolving legal cases even though achieving legal skills requires more than just compiling files, including the skills to convey legal arguments and debates directly. Education with an applied approach through clinical legal education wants students to have the ability to analyze and the ability to apply knowledge practically. The development and utilization of virtual reality applications in criminal practice courses allows students to simulate moot court. thus, it is necessary to develop criminal practice courses in the form of using virtual reality assessments as an evaluation of students' mastery of lawyer skill.
IMPLICATIONSARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR LIBRARY SERVICES
Technology is developing rapidly, this is marked by the presence of artificial intelligence (artificial intelligence / AI). The existence of the issue of artificial intelligence has changed almost all sectors in various fields and industries, including libraries as information organizations. Artificial intelligence is able to assist librarians in increasing efficiency, accuracy and relevance in terms of providing information, especially library services. However, the impact brought by artificial intelligence is in the form of ethical, social and several technical challenges that need attention. This article examines the implications of applying artificial intelligence (AI) in library services and how librarians can prepare for the future. The method used in this article is the symbolic literature review method which includes a critical analysis of previous literature. The contribution of this article aims to assist further research to build a library in the era of artificial intelligence (AI), especially the implications for library services.
TRANSFORMATION OF LEGAL LITERACY OF INDONESIAN MIGRANT WORKERS THROUGH CONTINUING EDUCATION BASED ON LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (LMS)
This Certification Program/Continuing Education (CE) using the Learning Management System (LMS) platform studies covering social and legal risks that not only include legal disputes in the country where migrant workers are located, but also disputes between migrant workers' families in the country where they work. Cases of human trafficking, drug networks, and the problem of low competence of migrant workers, illegal immigrants etc. One of the main causes of this is that immigrant workers do not understand the national and international laws (legal literacy) related to their activities. Currently, before starting work in the destination country, migrant workers are required to attend training programs in labor law, but legal knowledge is not highly valued. On the other hand, the legal ignorance of migrant workers remains a challenge. The purpose of this research is to provide a Continuing Education Program for Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) to add insight and of course can be a protection for themselves, especially those related to law without having to take a Bachelor's Degree. This research uses positivist, interpretative, and critical techniques to analyze problems or topics that arise from research. the analysis used in this research is descriptive-prescriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate that there are still many legal problems that arise caused by Indonesian Migrant Workers, both those that appear in the media and those that are hidden. Therefore, it is hoped that the academic world, especially the Universitas Terbuka, which is considered the most able to become a mainstay campus to become a pioneer in educating all the nation's children, must pay more attention to Migrant Workers so that there are no more legal problems caused by PMI abroad.
INNOVATIVE LEARNING MEDIA FOR DISTANCE EDUCATION: META-ANALYSIS
This research aims to evaluate the influence of innovative learning media in distance education on learning motivation, learning activities, and learning achievement of distance learners. This research uses a meta-analysis method which is a quantitative research approach. There are 17 pieces of literature that meet the requirements to be included in the database. The results revealed that, for learning motivation variables, the effect size value in the form of the analysis showed that the 17 effect sizes of the studies analyzed were heterogeneous (Q = 55,396; p < 0.001). The Random Effect model showed that there was a significant positive correlation between learning media innovation and student distance education learning outcomes (z = 156,099; p < 0.001; 95% Cl (0.952; 0.977). From the forest plot, it can be observed that the size effect of the analyzed studies varies between 0.86 and 0.99. The Fail-safe value of N obtained is 800489,000, with a target significance of 0.050 and p < 0.001. Because the Fail-safe value of N > 5K + 10. 800489 > 95, it can be concluded that there is no publication bias problem in this meta analysis study. The urgency of implementing learning media in supporting the evaluate the influence of innovative learning media in distance education on learning motivation, learning activities, and learning achievement of distance learners. It could be concluded that innovative learning media are able to increase learning motivation, learning activities, and learning achievements of distance learners. Future work should address the interactions between each of these innovative learning media and distance education specific topics.
CONCEPTUAL AWARENESS ABOUT PLAGIARISM AT DISTANCEEDUCATION STUDENTS: WRITING FINAL COURSES ASSIGNMENT (SCIENTIFIC PAPERS)
This paper presents a conceptual review of student plagiarism focusing primarily on international postgraduate students in Distance Education. The aim of this review is to provide insight into the various issues related to the concept, which will serve as information for Higher Education Institutions in Distance Education and abroad where students decide to pursue their studies. The paper reviews studies on eight themes: origins of plagiarism, forms of plagiarism, possible consequences of student plagiarism, general views on student plagiarism, possible causes of student plagiarism, Methods to detect, prevent and reduce student plagiarism, and proposed solutions. The author concludes that many Distance Education students struggle with the correct perception of plagiarism and in many cases, do not understand its long-term consequences, in addition to adopting a holistic approach in managing student plagiarism, higher education institutions need to monitor and evaluate outcomes and adapt measures to the institutional context. In addition, there is a need for foreign universities to adapt their management frameworks in a way that will serve international students. Furthermore, there is a need to conduct more empirical studies in Distance Education and other African higher education institutions.
ANALYSIS OF ARGUMENTATION AND DECISION-MAKING SKILLS THROUGH PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING IN DISTANCE LEARNING IN GRADE V STUDENTS
Argumentation and decision-making skills are important competencies for students in the modern era, especially in facing global challenges that require critical thinking and the ability to make evidence-based decisions. This skill not only supports the understanding of scientific concepts, but also develops students' ability to analyze situations, evaluate alternatives, and defend their views with logical arguments. This study aims to analyze the improvement of argumentation and decision-making skills through the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model in grade V students of SD Negeri 2 Penolih during distance learning in 2022, post-COVID-19 pandemic. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach, with 14 students in grade V. Research instruments include observation sheets on arguments and decision-making skills, as well as interviews with teachers. The data were analyzed by triangulation techniques through grouping, reduction, and conclusion drawn. The results showed that 60.7% of students were able to show argumentation skills with an understanding level of 78.57% and evaluation skills of 42.45%. Decision-making skills were also demonstrated by 66.06% of students, with details: 85.7% in decision-making, 42.85% in making choices, 71.42% in collecting information, and 64.28% in making questions. Interviews with teachers showed that PBL was effective in developing argumentation and decision-making skills in science learning, even though it was done remotely. This study shows that the PBL model in the distance learning scheme is also feasible, especially in science learning, so that it can be a reference for further research.
THE EFFECT OF ACADEMIC PROCRASTINATION, SELF-EFFICACY AND LEARNING INTEREST ON THE MOTIVATION FOR COMPLETION OF DEGREE
The present study aims to probe 1) the effect of academic procrastination on the motivation for completing a degree, 2) the effect of self-efficacy on the motivation for completing a degree, 3) the effect of learning interest on the motivation for completing a degree, and 4) the simultaneous effect of academic procrastination, self-efficacy, and learning interest on the motivation for completing a degree. Saturation was adopted to assess the adequacy of sampling that reached 104 respondents. A questionnaire was used to gather data containing statements relevant to the variable of academic procrastination, self-efficacy, learning interest, and motivation for completing a degree.. Results showed that 1) academic procrastination had a positive and significant effect on motivation for completing a degree at 35,9%; 2) self-efficacy had a positive and significant effect on motivation for completing a degree at 6,7%; 3) learning interest had a positive and significant effect on motivation for completing a degree at 32,4%; and 4) academic procrastination, self-efficacy, and learning interest had a significant simultaneous effect on motivation for completing a degree at 44,2%. These findings demonstrate both of the partial and simultaneous effect of the academic procrastination, self-efficacy, and learning interest on the motivation for completing a degree among the students in Pokjar Tana Toraja and North Toraja. The study also found that the academic procrastination accounted for the highest effect while self-efficacy for the least effect on the motivation for completing a degree, which peaked at 6,7%. The implication of the study leads to the importance of identifying the internal aspects of students that deal with their academic procrastination, self-efficacy, and learning interest.
IMPROVING THE COMPETENCE OF D3 TAXATION STUDENTS – UT THROUGH THE TAX CENTER FACILITY
The Open University as a distance university has 50 study programs. One of them is a vocational program, namely D3 Taxation. As a vocational program, graduates are expected to be able to technically implement the procedures for managing various tax affairs. The research with the title Improving the Competence of D3 Taxation Students – UT Through Tax Center Facilities aims to describe the need for a tax center for D3 Taxation – UT students, considering that UT as a PTJJ urgently needs the existence of a tax center as a laboratory facility for D3 Taxation students to master various tax sciences. The research method used is in the form of qualitative descriptive, namely data is collected by interviews with tax lecturers, students, and tax practitioners. After the data was processed, it was found that the tax center was very helpful for students in mastering various problems in taxation. Even with the D3 Tax Center, UT Taxation can help people in completing their taxes, for example annual tax reports for employees
DEVELOPMENT OF MASSIVE OPEN AND ONLINE COURSES (MOOCS) LEARNING DESIGN ON HOW TO CREATE 360 REALITY VIRTUAL TOUR CONTENT WITH SMARTPHONE
The 360-degree camera is a type of camera that can detect objects from various directions so that the object can be seen clearly, in contrast to other cameras that can only detect the camera from one direction depending on the placement of the camera. For this reason, by using this 360-degree camera, the detection of objects such as spaces and buildings will be more optimal. In addition to taking pictures with a different point of view than usual, 360-degree camera technology has uses that can be felt in everyday life, including: Able to Display Various Object Fields at Once, 360 Wider Image Capture angle, and make social media content more interesting. The purpose of this research is to create a learning module on the Open University moocs (https://moocs.ut.ac.id), this module contains material on how to create interesting social media content such as virtual tours by utilizing cellphone cameras and or 360-degree cameras and Lapentor / Krpano applications. The results of the MOOCs 360 reality virtual tour content creation with a smartphone for the introduction of environmental content stated that 52% were good at the lecturer's understanding in delivering MOOCs material, 48% were very good. And 56% of the MOOCs material content has been understood. 58% felt that the experience at this meeting was very pleasant.
ACCESSIBLE DISTANCE EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY OF BLIND AND DEAF STUDENTS IN UNIVERSITAS TERBUKA
Universitas Terbuka (UT) currently has hundreds of disabled students who must be considered for their accessibility to the learning process. However, until now, the accessibility of disabled students is still limited because there are no special services that accommodate them. This study aims to analyze the needs and obstacles of UT’s disabled students, especially those with blind and deaf, in accessing open and distance learning (ODL). Data were obtained through in-depth interview with qualitative inductive analysis methods. The latest of this research lies in the object of the research, namely disabled students, especially those who study in universities with an ODL system. The results of this study show that UT’s disabled students still have obstacles in accessing various information about lectures, such as learning socialization, scholarships, and other supporting activities. In addition, blind students face obstacles in studying graphs, reading tables, and understanding calculations. This research suggests the need for special services for disabled students, both physical and non-physical, that support the learning process of disabled students, such as consultation services, training of educational personnel, disabled-friendly websites, sign language interpreter facilities, and specific service units as well as the formation of communities to facilitate communication and dissemination of information among fellow disabled students.
MOOCS DEVELOPMENT FOR SUCCESSFUL START UP BUSINESS
A start-up company is one of the many new website-based companies that have emerged due to the rapid development of business along with the development of the internet and online media. Start Up has an important role in advancing micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Building a start-up requires steps that must be taken. In general, the reference to building a start-up business does not only focus on the management stage, but also includes other aspects, such as marketing, product innovation, financial management, and human resource development. These aspects are very important to ensure that a start-up business can grow and compete in a competitive market. Thus, running a start-up business requires knowledge and experience so that the business can continue to exist. There are several ways that can successfully develop a start-up business. One practical way that can be done is to learn the material through MOOCs Successful Start Up Business as an open and massive learning platform. The type of MOOCs developed in the form of xMOOC using ADDIE MOOCs developed consists of seven materials, namely (1) Basic Concepts of Start Up Business, (2) Start Up Business Planning, (3) Starting a Start Up Business, (4) Determining Business Ideas, (5) Business Development, Turnover, and Profits, (6) Avoiding the Death of a Start Up Business, and (7) Successful Start Up Business Inspiration. The development of these MOOCs can provide knowledge in developing a Start Up business with adequate entrepreneurial skills so that the business can become successful.
DEFINING EDUCATIONAL NEEDS FOR 'BALI NATIONAL MUSEUMPEDIA': LAYING THE FOUNDATION FOR AN ANDROID-BASED DIGITAL ENCYCLOPEDIA IN CIVIC EDUCATION
In the digital era, students' interest in visiting physical museums has significantly declined, reducing their opportunities to learn directly from cultural and historical sources. This challenge is further exacerbated by the shift in educational paradigms towards the use of mobile technology and digital applications. This study aims to develop an Android-based digital encyclopedia, named "Bali National Museumpedia," as an innovative learning tool for Civic Education targeting junior high school students in Bali. Adopting the 4D (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate) development methodology introduced by Thiagarajan, the study begins with the initial "Define" stage to identify the learning needs of students and understand their profiles within the context of Civic Education. The research method involves needs analysis and literature review to identify gaps between existing learning resources and students' actual needs. The needs analysis involved 104 students who filled out questionnaires distributed randomly, revealing that while 98% of students expressed strong interest in visiting museums, only 11% had ever done so. Moreover, just 2% of the students had visited a museum in Bali, despite there being over 30 museums on the island. The results from the "Define" stage indicate that 90% students show high enthusiasm for using mobile applications as a learning medium. In conclusion, the "Define" stage in the development of "Bali National Museumpedia" successfully identifies specific needs that will serve as the foundation for designing the digital encyclopedia, with the expectation of enhancing students' interest and understanding of cultural and civic values in Bali through a more interactive and engaging learning experience.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CHANCELLOR'S POLICY REGARDING THE USE OF PRACTICAL/PRACTICUM APPLICATIONS IN LEARNING AT UNIVERSITAS TERBUKA
This research was conducted to analyze the implementation of the Chancellor's policy regarding the use of practical/practicum applications in learning for students and tutors at the Universitas Terbuka (UT). One of the obligations of UT students who take practical/practicum courses is to make practical/practicum reports which will be assessed by the tutor or report assessor. To manage the implementation of practicums with many students more effectively, since 2020/2021.1 UT has issued a policy on the use of practicum/practicum applications on the page http://politik.ut.ac.id. This application is used by students to send practice/practicum reports, and for tutors to assess student practice/practicum reports, as well as sending reports on the implementation of practical/practicum guidance. This research is qualitative research using phenomenological methods, which was conducted at UT Gorontalo in 2024. The samples in this research were students and tutors from the PGPAUD Undergraduate, PGSD, Accounting, Law and Biology Undergraduate study programs who carried out practicums at the 2023/2024 Even period is determined purposively. Data collection was carried out through interviews with tutors and students, as well as documentation studies related to the use of practical/practicum applications. Data was analyzed using an interactive model. The results of the research show that the policy on the use of practical/practicum applications has been implemented quite well, where this policy has been socialized and has been implemented by students in sending reports, and tutors in assessing students' practical/practicum reports as well as reporting on the implementation of practical/practicum guidance. There are still students who do not send practice/practicum reports because they cannot use the practice/practicum applications. There are areas with poor signals that make it difficult for students to send reports, which results in students not passing practical/practicum courses. For the policy of utilizing practical/practicum applications for tutors and students to be better, the implementation of OSMB, PKBJJ and provision of tutors and at Regional UTs must be more effective.
THE CREATION OF JABATIM DANCE AS A NUSANTARA CREATIVE DANCE FOR DISTANCE LEARNING
The lack of understanding and mastery of traditional dance skills among Universitas Terbuka (UT) students, who also serve as elementary school teachers, presents a significant challenge in the preservation of Nusantara culture. To address this issue, an innovative solution is needed to integrate traditional dance into effective and interactive distance learning through the creation of a new dance, the Jabatim Dance. Jabatim, which represents Java, Batak, and Minang, is a newly developed dance inspired by traditional movements from East Java, West Java, North Sumatra, and West Sumatra. The methodology employed in this research is based on Alma Hawkins' theory of dance creation, which encompasses three stages: exploration, improvisation, and composition. These stages involve examining traditional dance movements that are subsequently developed into new creations through improvisation and composition, thereby balancing traditional elements with modern innovation. The research findings indicate that Jabatim Dance can be integrated into the Arts, Culture, and Crafts or Seni Budaya and Prakarya (SBdP) curriculum in elementary schools through interactive video media, enabling students to learn independently. This interactive video supports UT students, who are also teachers, in learning and instructing traditional dance to their students, even in remote areas. Consequently, Jabatim Dance functions not only as a tool for cultural preservation but also as an innovation in distance education.
REVOLUTIONIZING ACCOUNTING EDUCATION: THE EFFECTIVENESS OF 'ACCOUNTING CYCLE SIMULATION' IN ENHANCING STUDENTS' UNDERSTANDING OF THE ACCOUNTING CYCLE
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of "Accounting Cycle Simulation" in enhancing accounting students' understanding and skills. A quasi-experimental method was employed, involving two groups of first-year accounting students from an Open University. The experimental group used the "Accounting Cycle Simulation" for one semester, while the control group followed conventional teaching methods. Pre-tests and post-tests were conducted to measure students' knowledge and skills before and after the intervention, along with satisfaction questionnaires to gauge students' perceptions of the teaching methods used. The results showed that the average post-test scores of the experimental group increased significantly compared to the control group (t = 8.12, p < 0.01), indicating that this simulation effectively improves students' learning outcomes. The practical implications of this study suggest that the use of game-based learning, particularly the "Accounting Cycle Simulation," can be an effective strategy for enhancing the quality of accounting education in higher education. These findings support the integration of educational technology to create more interactive and engaging learning experiences, which in turn can better prepare students to face professional challenges in the field of accounting.
AI-DRIVEN PERSONALIZED LEARNING PATHWAYS: REVOLUTIONIZING PEDAGOGY IN OFDL SETTINGS
The rapid integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into education has significantly impacted how learning is designed and delivered, particularly in Open Flexible Distance Learning (OFDL) settings. This paper explores the transformative potential of AI in creating personalized learning experiences tailored to individual learner profiles. The increasing demand for personalized education, advancements in AI technology, and the global shift toward online learning have made it imperative to investigate AI's role in enhancing educational outcomes in OFDL environments. This inquiry aims to explore how AI-driven personalized learning pathways can revolutionize pedagogy in OFDL settings by offering adaptive, student-centered learning experiences that cater to diverse learning styles, preferences, and paces. This study also seeks to analyze the challenges and opportunities of AI implementation in OFDL, provide practical recommendations for educators and institutions, investigate AI's impact on student engagement and achievement, and assess ethical considerations related to AI in education. Utilizing a qualitative approach through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), this paper examines existing research on AI in OFDL to develop a comprehensive understanding of its benefits, challenges, and implications for education. The expected results include an enhanced understanding of AI's role in OFDL, practical guidelines for implementing AI-driven personalized learning, contributions to educational innovation, and informed decision-making for policymakers. The uniqueness of this inquiry lies in its holistic approach, which integrates theoretical foundations such as Constructivist Learning Theory, Cognitive Load Theory, Self-Determination Theory, Learning Analytics, Educational Data Mining, and Ethical Frameworks in AI. This approach highlights AI's transformative potential in OFDL and addresses critical ethical and practical considerations, making it a forward-thinking contribution to the field. The findings from this inquiry are anticipated to provide valuable insights and practical strategies for educators, institutions, and policymakers, ultimately contributing to the ongoing evolution of pedagogy in OFDL.
HARMONIZING TECHNOLOGY AND PEDAGOGY: ENHANCING OPEN FLEXIBLE DISTANCE LEARNING FOR THE DIGITAL AGE
The digital age has ushered in many emerging technologies that offer significant opportunities for enhancing open flexible distance learning (OFDL). However, the challenge lies in effectively harmonizing these technologies with pedagogical practices to maximize their potential. This paper explores the intersection of technology and pedagogy in OFDL and highlights the importance of agility and adaptability in this dynamic educational landscape. This inquiry proposes strategic frameworks for integrating technology into pedagogical practices through a comprehensive qualitative analysis of current trends, challenges, and case studies. It utilizes a combination of Systematic and Comprehensive Literature Review approaches. It involves pedagogical theories and practices in distance learning perspectives. They are Constructivism, Connectivism, Self-Determination Theory, and Community of Inquiry. Correspondingly, it involves emerging technologies in education, such as Artificial Intelligence, Augmented/Virtual Reality, Learning Management Systems, Gamification, Mobile Learning, and Blockchain Technology. The findings provide educators and institutions with actionable insights and best practices to enhance learning experiences and outcomes in OFDL settings. To realize the full potential of harmonizing technology and pedagogy in OFDL, practical and policy implications must be considered toward investment in infrastructure, continuous professional development, supportive policies, and inclusive education. Constant research and collaboration will be essential to refine strategies and ensure that technology-enhanced pedagogy will meet the evolving needs of all learners worldwide.
LEARNING DISENGAGEMENT DETERMINANTS AND SOME PEDAGOGICAL PROBLEMS IN ONLINE LEARNING
Learning disengagement or what is also called ghosting or off-task activities is a situation where students are behaviorally, cognitively, emotionally, and socially not in learning conditions and activities. The learning disengagement phenomenon is one of the main problems in online learning. It can cause learning to be lost and learning objectives not to be achieved if this is not managed properly and appropriately. Therefore, it is important to find out whether students are engaged or not, and what are the determinant factors that cause this to happen. Recent studies have identified research on student disengagement in online learning as lacking, and thus it is critical to further understand why this is happening. This study uses a systematic literature review of the number of research in scientific journals on the conceptualization of learning disengagement in academic studies; learning disengagement phenomena (behavioral, cognitive, emotional, and social) in online learning; factors determining the occurrence of learning disengagement; levels (macro and micro) of learning disengagement; and several important issues in online learning pedagogy that cause learning disengagement to occur. Recommendations for further research and study contributions to the need for innovative online learning theories that involve students more active and participative are also discussed.
ARE WE USING EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY IN OUR TEACHING?
Digital transformation is increasingly evident in Indonesia’s education sector, particularly in the teaching and learning processes at the school level. This study examines several Indonesian schools navigating digital transformation despite facing infrastructure challenges. This study aims to assess the impact of teaching STEM using educational technology through project-based learning without adequate infrastructure support and to document both challenges and success factors. The experiment took place in Naringgul, Cianjur, involving four state junior high schools: SMPN 3, SMPN 6, SMPN 8, and SMPN 9. These schools were randomly selected based on their technological limitations and low socioeconomic status. Each school received educational technology devices and teacher training on integrating this technology into their STEM curriculum using a project-based learning strategy. The study comprised: 1) a situational analysis of the four schools, involving 44 STEM teachers and 633 students; 2) a professional development workshop to introduce STEM PBL lesson plans and digital media development; 3) a second workshop focusing on lesson study, ICT-based learning, and microteaching; and 4) pilot teaching sessions following the workshops for observation. The findings revealed that, despite infrastructure deficiencies, technology use in STEM teaching can be implemented creatively, enriching the learning environment and fostering student engagement and interaction. Once teachers mastered digital competencies, project-based learning methods, and STEM content, they confidently utilized technology in their teaching. Teachers reported that integrating technology into project-based STEM teaching enhanced students’ teamwork, problem-solving, creativity, and digital skills, maintaining engagement throughout the learning process. However, some teachers faced challenges in aligning technology use with learning objectives, creating engaging activities for diverse learning styles, and ensuring technology enhanced rather than detracted from the learning experience. To sustain these positive practices, ongoing professional development for teachers is recommended to keep them updated on teaching strategies and new technologies. Additionally, support from the government and stakeholders is crucial to provide the necessary infrastructure, learning resources, and incentives for exemplary teaching practices.
DEVELOPING EXPERIENTIAL-BASED LEARNING APPROACH TO ENHANCE THE ACADEMIC WRITING SKILLS OF DISTANCE LEARNERS
The study aims to elaborate on the use of experiential-based learning to improve the skills of open and distance-learning students in academic writing. Academic writing courses are considered among the most difficult courses for most students. The students, in general, need help with writing the academic article properly. Academic writing requires systematic and proactive for students to complete their academic writing assignments properly. This study used research and development methods to produce academic writing course programs that can distance learners from acquiring skills in academic writing. Nine systematic steps were applied in this study incl, including the identity of instructional goals, conducting instructional analysis, analyzing learners and context, writing instructional objectives, writing performance assessments, determining instructional strategies, conducting formative evaluations, and revising instruction. The results of this research and development study are the academic writing course program used to enhance distance learners' skills in academic writing. The study results indicated that the experiential learning approach to academic writing improves students' ability to write proper academic articles or papers.
VIRTUAL REALITY-BASED LEARNING MEDIA PLANNING FOR OFFICE ADMINISTRATION BUILDING MANAGEMENT MATERIAL
One of the lessons that requires interactive multimedia innovation is office administration. Office administration subjects combine corporate management (office unit consisting of buildings, land, personnel, and equipment) with operation management (office work). In this learning, building management material can be given interactive media innovations so that students understand the material concretely. The building management material requires spatial planning skills to be implemented in studying office administration. Spatial planning is a structural form and pattern of space utilization that is planned and shows the hierarchy and interrelationship of space utilization. This research designs virtual reality-based learning media for building management material in office administration courses as a contextual and open learning resource for upper secondary or higher levels. This research uses the research and development method through the ADDIE model. This model consists of five steps: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The five steps are summarized into three parts: planning, development, and evaluation. This research focuses on the first part, namely planning. The planning consists of two stages: analysis in the form of a needs assessment for Office Administration teachers and design by determining software, making the appearance and content of learning media. The result of the learning media design is spatial education that can be overcome with VR so that users can learn, practice, and reduce the limitations and challenges of actual learning in the classroom. The development of office administration VR media on building management material is a novelty that has been out to overcome existing limitations, and an f.oIt is allowing innovation so that learning can be immersive.
EXPLORING INITIAL STUDENT PERCEPTIONS OF INTERACTIVE TOOLS IN FLIPPED CLASSROOMS: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS IN REMOTE LEARNING CONTEXTS
This study aims to compare male and female students' perceptions of the flipped classroom model supported by interactive tools, Nearpod and Lumio, in learning. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method and was conducted in a Grade 11 class at a high school in South Tangerang City. Data was collected through questionnaires to measure students' responses to the flipped classroom model and their experiences using Nearpod and Lumio as complementary tools in flipped classroom learning. The flipped classroom provided students with the opportunity to experience remote learning during the "before class" phase by utilizing digital technology in the form of interactive tools. The results of the flipped classroom model revealed that male students tended to be more motivated and have more meaningful learning experiences compared to female students. Meanwhile, the results on the use of interactive tools, Nearpod and Lumio, in flipped classroom learning indicated that male students were more attracted to interactive tools in terms of their usefulness in learning. This is because male students found digital media beneficial when it provided competitive learning experiences through quizzes and games. In contrast, female students were more interested in interactive tools in terms of interface and usability, as well as motivation enhancement. Female students felt more motivated when digital media was easy to use and gave them opportunities for active participation in learning. Regarding continued use, male students recommended Lumio more, while female students preferred Nearpod for future learning. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the use of interactive tools in the flipped classroom positively impacts the motivation and learning experiences of both male and female students.
THE IMPORTANT ROLE OF RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION OF SCIENTIFIC WORKS IN THE WORLD OF EDUCATION
Research and publication of scientific papers are inseparable because research will be in vain if it is only stored in archives or libraries and not published in journals or presented in seminars. Educators, especially teachers, and lecturers, must be more professional and competent in carrying out their duties, so they must conduct research to find new things in the fields of science they are engaged in. The purpose of writing this article is to see the important role of research and publication of scientific papers in education. We all know that the field of education has changed a lot since the Covid-19 pandemic. The learning process has become more flexible, where it is no longer limited to classrooms or rooms but can be done anywhere and anytime. However, several things must be considered in the development of this world of education, namely how research and publication of scientific papers need special attention from the government. By using qualitative research methods and a phenomenological approach, this article tries to analyze how the government views this research and publication as important so that regulations or laws need to be made to develop this field of research. The science that continues to develop needs to be followed by ongoing research and publication so that education does not stop at one point but continues to move following the progress of science.
PERSONALIZATION; AS A REFLECTION OF MEDIATED INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION IN THE DIGITAL ERA
This article provides an overview of how libraries offer better services to users so that they can use library collections more effectively and efficiently through digitizing the library service process and taking the Open University as a data source, with very heterogeneous student characteristics and academics spread across Indonesia. In more than 52 countries, digital services are necessary so that users can get and utilize reference services according to their needs. The three main concepts in this writing, namely media interpersonal communication, library personalization, and library digitalization are the basis for analysing service needs in this digital era. With the Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM) methodology, steps can be taken to initiate, develop, and measure the impact of artifacts in the context of certain problems. DSRM activities involve the stages of Problem Identification and Motivation, Setting Solution Objectives, Design and Development, Demonstration, Evaluation, and Communication, which are used to design searches, process, and analyse data to provide an overview of library service design in the digital era through its Smart Library. Through Smart Libraries, it is hoped that the level of library personalization will increase in providing services to its users.
THE INFLUENCE OF ONLINE LEARNING IN PUBLIC SECTOR AUDIT PRACTICUM ON STUDENTS PRACTICUM VALUE
Online learning is a system that can facilitate students learning more widely, more and more variedly. Through the facilities provided by this system, students can learn anytime and anywhere without being limited by distance, space, and time. The learning material studied is more varied, not only in verbal form but also in more varied forms such as visual, audio, and movement. This research aims to determine the effect of online learning on students' practicum grades in the public sector audit laboratory course at the Open University public financial accounting study program. The type of research used is quantitative descriptive method. The data collection techniques used in this research were practical ability tests, observation of student activity, and interviews. The data analysis technique for this research uses observation sheet data analysis techniques and test data analysis techniques.
APPLICATION OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN PRESENTING ARCHIVES AS INFORMATION, ESPECIALLY IN THE PREPARATION OF ARCHIVE DIORAMAS
Knowledge management is the collection of data that is processed into information and utilized by the parties who need it. While archives are proof of transactions of various jobs in various formats that function to support the smooth running of state activities. In archival science, the archive category consists of dynamic archives and static archives. Dynamic archives are archives that function for the benefit of the organization and can only be accessed by members of the organization. Static archives can be accessed by the public and in certain activities, these static archives can be presented in various formats such as archive exhibitions, dioramas, historical videos and historical audio. This study aims to describe the application of knowledge management in presenting archives into information, especially the archive diorama program. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative. Data were collected through interviews with archivists, diorama compilers. Secondary data were obtained through print and electronic media data sources according to the research objectives. Data was also obtained through observations of several dioramas, archive exhibitions, presentation of archives in the form of historical videos. After the data was processed, the results showed that knowledge management in archival science is very necessary for the presentation of archives into information, because dioramas, archive exhibitions, historical videos, require a collection of archives that have been codified, equipped with descriptions of events and processed into a series of coherent and informative information that can be enjoyed by the public.
EFFECTIVENESS OF AUGMENTED REALITY APPLICATION OF MOLECULAR GEOMETRY MATERIAL WITH AN ETHNOCHEMISTRY APPROACH TO SUPPORT DISTANCE LEARNING
Augmented Reality mobile learning media in learning chemistry can make it easier for learners to understand abstract concepts by visualizing atoms, molecules, bonds, and intermolecular interactions that look like real. In 2023, the design of “BRIMOLANG: Learning Molecular Forms through Palembang Culture” which is a mobile learning augmented reality that uses an ethnochemical approach. After the application was developed, a public test was conducted on distance education students to determine the effectiveness of the application developed. This study had 310 respondents whose application public test was conducted in May-June 2024. Based on the results of the feasibility test, it can be concluded that the resulting application has met the criteria very well and is suitable for use as a learning medium on molecular geometry material. This media can support molecular geometry learning because it uses AR technology so that it can increase knowledge of the material and can also hone the spatial abilities of distance students that can be used anytime and anywhere.
NEED ANALYSIS OF LEARNING MEDIA WITH REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION (RME) APPROACH IN ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS LEARNING COURSES
This study aims to analyze the need for Realistic Mathematics Education (RME)-based learning media in supporting distance learning in the Universitas Terbuka Elementary School Teacher Education (PGSD) program in elementary mathematics learning courses. The RME approach was chosen because it emphasizes contextual learning that relates mathematical concepts to daily life, so it is expected to increase student understanding and involvement in independent learning conditions. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. The method used is observation and interviews involving PGSD students to identify the characteristics of the learning media needed. The study results show an urgent need for learning media that are not only easily accessible online but also able to facilitate the application of mathematical concepts in real contexts. The desired media must be adaptive, equipped with clear guidelines, and allow students to understand the material independently. The recommendations of this research include the development of RME-based learning media that are relevant to real contexts and easily accessible to students. Thus, it is hoped that this learning media can improve the quality of mathematics learning at PGSD Universitas Terbuka effectively and efficiently.
A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MODERN EDUCATION: TRENDS AND OPPORTUNITIES
This research analyses the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in modern education through a bibliometric approach. The study aims to analyze the most common keywords and extract relevant terms that reveal trending topics. Bibliometric analysis offers a quantitative approach to uncover trends in sustainability research. The present study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of AI in modern education, tracking research growth, countries contributing, prominent authors, institutions, subject area and identifying research clusters. Data from the Scopus database covering 2020-2024 were analyzed using bibliometric tools and VOSViewer. A search statement was developed to collect relevant articles, resulting in 1040 publications. The analysis found that there has been a significant increase in the number of publications on AI in education, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, which boosted the adoption of technology in the learning process. Most of the research in this field comes from countries such as China, the United States, and India. The research also found that Computer Science, Social Science, and Engineering are the fields most involved in the application of AI in education. Institutions such as Carnegie Mellon University and the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur are significant contributors in this field, demonstrating the importance of international academic collaboration. The keywords frequently used in this research are AI, educational technology, and ChatGPT, reflecting the primary focus on personalizing learning and integrating AI into educational curricula. While AI offers great potential to transform education, it is crucial to address challenges related to ethical use and infrastructure readiness.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS A MEDIATOR IN DIGITAL LEARNING: ADAPTIVE COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES IN DISTANCE EDUCATION
This research examined the influence of artificial intelligence (AI) functioning as a mediator in online education, specifically focusing on adaptive communication strategies within remote learning environments. By conducting a comprehensive analysis of the current body of literature, this study assessed the potential of AI to enhance the quality of interactions between educators and learners on virtual learning platforms. Artificial intelligence shows a remarkable ability to offer customized learning experiences, instant feedback, and deepen meaningful engagement for distant learning. Specifically for Indonesia, AI applications in digital education bear unique challenges in the areas of poor digital infrastructure, unequal access to technology, the preparedness of the educators, linguistic and cultural diversity, and, most importantly, appropriate regulatory mechanisms. It also examines the challenges and questions of ethics regarding the integration of AI in education and identifies particular areas in which further investigation is needed. The insights from this study provide important insight into educators, educational technology innovators, and policy makers formulating and implementing effective and inclusive digital learning interventions using AI.
THE IMPACT OF THE DASHBOARD APPLICATION ON THE ADMINISTRATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF STUDY GROUP ADMINISTRATORS AND SERVICE CENTERS AT UNIVERSITAS TERBUKA
Universitas Terbuka (UT) of Indonesia is a pioneer of distant State University that providing learning distant service in Indonesia and bearing both learning and administrative up through Learning Group (POKJAR) and Central Service of Universitas Terbuka (SALUT) including student and subject registration, lecturing and exam assists, and the obstacles faced by student during study. The administrators of POKJAR and SALUT are UT partners of providing services and helps for local students to suceed their study. As compensated, UT hands incentive to POKJAR administrators as listed of the works based on regulations. Whereas, SALUT obtains addition fee charged from students. In fact, incroguity existed between report and written regulation about POKJAR and SALUT such as messy administration related to students numbers data and unabling proof events held report yet still demanding their right furthermore need a solution to settle these administration cases. Thus, this study aims to create administration app to strengthen report and administration in order to minimize errors in managing students and to see the effect of this app effectiveness on adminsitrations. The result shows that this app help them in monitoring; POKJAR and SALUT database in stated of new students, upper students, student’s payment progress, active students, events report , financial report and controlling tutorial of a district.
EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF CASE-BASED DISCUSSIONS ON STUDENT UNDERSTANDING AND ENGAGEMENT IN AN ASYNCHRONOUS ONLINE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT
This study investigates the impact of case-based discussions on student understanding and engagement within an asynchronous online learning environment. Employing a pre-experimental design, 12 students enrolled in the Master’s program in Early Childhood Education at Universitas Terbuka participated in the research. The students were engaged in case-based discussions over five weeks, and their understanding was assessed through evaluation rubrics, while engagement was measured via forum participation analysis and questionnaires. The results showed a strong positive correlation between engagement and understanding, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.601 (p < 0.05). The findings highlight that students who were more actively engaged in the discussions demonstrated a better understanding of the course material. This study concludes that case-based discussions are an effective strategy to foster student engagement and deepen understanding in asynchronous online learning environments. The implications suggest that this method can be a valuable pedagogical tool for enhancing learning outcomes in various educational contexts, particularly in online learning frameworks.
INFORMATION AND NAVIGATION ON MASSIVE OPEN ONLINE COURSES (MOOCS) OF UNIVERSITAS TERBUKA
This study examines the effectiveness of information and navigation in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) of Universitas Terbuka (UT), with a focus on understanding and ease of use by participants. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the extent to which participants were able to understand and navigate the information provided in the UT MOOCs platform, given the crucial role of these elements in the success of online learning. Using a quantitative approach, this study involved 100 respondents, consisting of 65 men (65%) and 35 women (35%). Online surveys are used to collect data regarding participants' perceptions of various aspects of information and navigation, including general information about MOOCs, course descriptions, schedules, required device specifications, and platform navigation elements. The results of the study showed that the overall level of understanding of information and navigation reached 78%. The detailed analysis revealed that 85% of respondents rated general information about MOOCs as very clear, 82% were satisfied with the course description, and 79% found the course schedule easy to understand. However, only 68% feel that the information about the specifications of the required device is clear enough, indicating areas that need to be improved. In terms of navigation, 80% of respondents reported the ease of navigating the platform, with 75% stating that they could easily find the learning materials they wanted. Correlation analysis showed a significant positive relationship between ease of navigation and course completion rate (r = 0,982, p < 0.001). Gender differences were identified in several aspects, with male participants tending to be more satisfied with platform navigation (83% vs 75% for women), while female participants rated higher for the clarity of course information (87% vs 80% for men). Factors contributing to high satisfaction with information and navigation include intuitive interface design (82%), well-organized course structure (78%), and availability of comprehensive user guides (75%). In conclusion, this study underscores the importance of clear information and easy navigation in attracting and retaining the participation of UT MOOCs participants. These findings provide valuable insights for platform improvements, with recommendations including improved technical information, navigation optimizations for various devices, and design adjustments that take gender-based preferences into account. This study confirms that the success of UT's MOOCs is highly dependent on its ability to provide an intuitive and informative user experience, supporting UT's mission of providing quality education that is widely accessible to the public
PROFILING STUDENT BASED ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE: IDENTIFYING KEY CHARACTERISTICS IN AN ONLINE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT
In the context of online education where interactions between learners and teachers are mediated through a learning management system, understanding the diverse profiles of students is crucial for improving academic outcomes and designing effective learning interventions. This study aims to identify key characteristics of students based on their academic performance within the English Language Education Study Program (ELSP) at Universitas Terbuka. It explores how students can be classified into distinct groups according to their performance in a core course within the study program. An online cross sectional survey was done to gather data on demographic, professional, and behavioral factors, such as teaching experience, digital readiness, learning styles, readiness for independent learning, as well as level of English Proficiency (EP) of the students. A sample of 20 in-service teacher students were found to meet the criteria to be included in further analyses. These students were grouped into two performance categories (High Achievers and Low Achievers) based on their scores in the Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) course, one of the core courses that was delivered in the English language. Descriptive statistics were employed to identify common characteristics that can be used to profile these groups. The most notable finding in terms of academic performance was the relationship between English proficiency (EP) and academic performance (course grades). High achievers tended to have higher EP scores, suggesting that students with stronger language skills are better equipped to handle the demands of the TEFL course. However, students in the middle EP range (A2 to B1) showed more variability in their grades, indicating that other factors such as motivation, study strategies, and digital readiness may also play important roles in determining academic outcomes. These findings offer valuable initial insights into the characteristics that may influence students’ achievement in the course, providing educators and administrators with information that can be utilized to enhance support mechanisms and tailor instructional strategies. Although based on a limited sample size, but the characteristic patterns found can add meanings to the growing body of knowledge on online education and student profiling, highlighting key factors that need to be considered to promote academic success in distance learning environments.
Emerging Technology for Open and Distance Education: Opportunity, Agility, and Adaptability