ASSESSMENT OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS OF THE COMMUNITY: BEFORE AND AFTER THE JAGOI BABANG STATE CROSS BORDER POST, WEST KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA

This study aimed to determine the economic and social impact on the community of constructing the Jagoi Babang cross-border post (PLBN) in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. The method used in this study is a quantitative method, which uses questionnaires to the community in the Jagoi Babang sub-district to be able to answer the formulation of problems in this study, which include: (i) What was the economic condition of the Jagoi Babang community before and after the construction of PLBN?, (ii) What was the social condition of the Jagoi Babang community before and after the construction of the PLBN?. Therefore, the data used in this study is primary data, and the statistical method is descriptive.The results of this study are known: (i) the operation of the Jagoi Babang PLBN has an impact on improving the economic indicators of the community around the PLBN; (ii) the operation of the Jagoi Babang PLBN has an impact on improving the social indicators of the community around the PLBN. The novelty of this research is related to the object of research, namely the economic and social impacts of the construction of cross-border posts (PLBN), which have not been studied much before.


Introduction
In the world, Indonesia is often called an archipelago country, consisting of a cluster of islands.Moreover, the archipelago comes from Greek, which means "arkhi," namely head or leading, and "pelagos, " meaning sea.Referring to the origin of the word archipelago, Indonesia is a country whose territory is dominated by islands with an ocean around it (Deng et al., 2020).Furthermore, with so many islands in Indonesia, Indonesia is ranked sixth with the highest number of islands worldwide after Sweden, Norway, Finland, Canada, and the United States (Zaenuddin, 2023).According to Suharyanto et al. (2020) and Utomo (2010), the number of islands in Indonesia amounted to 17,001 spread across 34 provinces, while the ten provinces with the most significant number of islands are illustrated as follows: Source: Annur & Ahdiat (2023) Figure 1.Ten Provinces with the Most Islands in Indonesia research, namely the economic and social impacts of the construction of cross-border posts (PLBN), which have yet to be studied.

Research Method
The method used in this study is a quantitative method, which uses questionnaires to the community in the Jagoi Babang sub-district to be able to answer the formulation of problems in this study, which include: (i) What was the economic condition of the Jagoi Babang community before the construction of PLBN?, (ii) What was the economic condition of the Jagoi Babang community at the time after the construction of PLBN?, (iii) What was the social condition of the Jagoi Babang community before the construction of PLBN?, (iv) What was the social condition of the Jagoi Babang community after the construction of PLBN?Therefore, the data used in this study is primary data.The statistical method in this study is a descriptive method, which describes data sets using easy-to-understand measures (Nugroho, 2020;Nugroho, Fajarsari, et al., 2023;Oktris et al., 2022).Furthermore, this study uses scores to measure economic and social conditions from the respondents' answers, namely: Score 1= Very Poor, score 2= Poor, score 3= Fair, Score 4= Good, and Score 5= Very Good Respondents of this study amounted to 90 people with characteristics of people who have lived in the Jagoi Babang sub-district for at least ten years, as evidenced by resident identity with an age range of 30 years to 55 years.

Results and Discussions 1. Economic Conditions of the Community Before and After the Jagoi Babang PLBN
The results of a survey of 90 community respondents in the Jagoi Babang sub-district related to economic conditions are as follows:  (Nasfi, Solikin, et al., 2022;Nugroho et al., 2021Nugroho et al., , 2022;;Nugroho, Mastur, et al., 2020).Furthermore, such credit will support entrepreneurs to expand their businesses and thus boost the economic growth of the local area (Afoukane et al., 2021;Herliansyah et al., 2020;Nugroho, Cetin, et al., 2023).Tables 1 and 2 show that the financial services score before the PLBN was 2.54, categorized as poor.After the construction of the Jagoi Babang PLBN, it increased to 3.66, a fair category.This condition shows that the construction of PLBN was followed by the development of supporting facilities and infrastructure, such as the increase in bank outlets and ATMs around PLBN Jagoi Babang.▪ Economic indicators of job search, employment, and economic growth are interrelated and have a complex and mutually influencing relationship.(Hasan et al., 2022;Labetubun et al., 2021;Valliere & Peterson, 2009).Economic growth can impact increased production and consumption (Huh, 2011;Monteiro & Turnovsky, 2008;Nugroho & Arafah, 2020).Therefore, referring to the results of the research questionnaire in Table 1 and Table 2, it is known that before the construction of the Jagoi Babang PLBN, the score for finding work was lower, which was 3.25, including in the fair category, and after the Jagoi Babang PLBN, it increased job opening where the score reached 4.19, including in the good category.This is in line with the increasing access of people in the Jagoi Babang Sub-district to financial services, which impacts the growth of business expansion, thus increasing the demand for labor.▪ Economic indicators of the availability of consumer goods made in Indonesia, to fulfill their needs, people need consumer goods to fulfill their household needs (Machmuddah et al., 2020;Nugroho & Malik, 2020;Saccani et al., 2006).An increase in the consumption of goods from the community creates demand, which encourages companies to increase production.Increased economic activity can impact economic growth (Baynes et al., 2011;Kamal et al., 2022).On the other hand, people living on the border can buy consumer goods from other countries.Furthermore, referring to the study's results, after the existence of the Jagoi Babang PLBN, it increased the economic indicators on the availability of consumer goods score to 4.11, which previously amounted to 3.22.▪ Economic indicators of the availability of Malaysian-made consumer goods and the increasing purchasing power of the community around PLBN Jagoi Babang impact the consumption of Indonesian people, including buying Malaysian products.This is indicated by the score of Malaysian-made consumer goods from 3.61 to 4.07 after the presence of PLBN Jagoi Babang.▪ Overall economic indicators show an increasing impact from a score of 3.15, which is included in the fair category, increasing to 4.07 or including the good category after the Jagoi Babang PLBN.

Social Condition of the Community before and after the existence of PLBN Jagoi Babang
The results of a survey of 90 community respondents in the Jagoi Babang sub-district related to social conditions are as follows: Table 3 Based on the results of data processing from the answers of respondents related to social indicators from both Table 3 and Table 4 above, the following can be seen: ▪ Availability of health services, referring to the data processing results, it can be seen that in the period before the Jagoi Babang PLBN, the availability of health services had a score of 2.76, which is in the poor category.After the establishment of PLBN Jagoi Babang, the availability of health services increased its score to 3.87, which is in the good enough category.This shows that health services after the establishment of PLBN Jagoi Babang increased.This is because the construction of the Jagoi Babang PLBN triggered the construction of other facilities to support the workers and families of the PLBN.Therefore, facilities in the form of public clinics and doctor's practices have been available around PLBN Jagoi Babang.However, the purpose of health services is to improve the health of individuals.Some of the functions of health services are preventing diseases, providing treatment, promoting a healthy lifestyle, and providing health education to the community (Orlandi, 1987).Thus, good health services after the establishment of PLBN Jagoi Babang can help the surrounding communities to maintain and improve their health.Therefore, a healthy community has a better quality of life, high productivity, and the ability to actively participate in social and economic activities (Feldstein, 2017;Zamzami et al., 2022).▪ Ease of obtaining nutritious food, referring to the results of this study, it is known that there is an increase in access to nutritious food in the community, which previously scored access to nutritious food at 2.95 (poor) increased to 3.92 (fair).The ease of obtaining nutritious food relates to people's access and affordability to food with good nutritional value for health.This includes the availability of foods containing essential nutrients such as protein, vitamins, minerals, fiber, and healthy fats.The goal is to ensure that individuals and communities have adequate access to foods that support optimal growth, development, and body function (Schulz et al., 2002).Therefore, the availability of nutritious foods in markets, shops, or food facilities is a significant factor.If nutritious foods are sufficiently available and varied, it will be easier for people to choose foods that are good for their health (Harden et al., 2011).▪ The availability of formal education is one of the critical aspects of social indicators because education determines the quality of society.The better the level of education in a society, the better the civilization (Hidayah et al., 2018;Lind, 2019;Utami & Nugroho, 2019).This research shows that before the Jagoi Babang National Border Crossing, the availability of formal education facilities showed a score of 2.49.After the Jagoi Babang National Border Crossing, the score increased to 4.07.This shows an improvement in the category from the availability of formal education facilities in the poor category to the good category.Thus, the existence of PLBN Jagoi Babang increases the development of formal education facilities due to the needs of the families of PLBN employees to attend school, which also has implications for the community living around PLBN Jagoi Babang.▪ Ease of access to places of worship, Indonesia is one of the countries with good religious tolerance and harmony.Therefore, the ease of access to worship for the community, both in terms of the type and number of places of worship in an area, can reflect religious diversity in the community (Ihwanudin et al., 2020;Karyanto et al., 2019;Nasfi, Aden Sutiapermana, et al., 2022;Nugroho, Badawi, et al., 2020).Furthermore, the number of mosques, churches, temples, and other places of worship must be able to accommodate the worship needs of the community.In this study, it is known that before PLBN Jagoi Babang existed, community access to places of worship scored 3.73 and increased to 3.77 after the operation of PLBN Jagoi Babang.This shows no increase in the category, so places of worship are essential needs for the community.Therefore, although there is no PLBN Jagoi Babang, the availability of places of worship for the community in Jagoi Babang Sub-district is adequate.▪ The condition of connecting roads and bridges, good and well-maintained roads and bridges, can improve accessibility and community mobility.This is because the ability of people to move and do business from one place to another can affect their quality of life and economic opportunities (Canitez et al., 2020;Octaviani et al., 2023).In this study, it is known that before the construction of the Jagoi Babang PLBN, the score was 2.96, and after the Jago Babang PLBN, the score increased to 3.85.This shows that with the Jagoi Babang PLBN, infrastructure development has increased so that the availability of good roads and bridges can encourage economic growth by facilitating the movement of goods and services between regions and creating new opportunities for economic development and local communities.▪ The availability of tourist attractions and entertainment, tourist attractions, and entertainment is one of the social indicators that provide insight into various aspects of community life (Fantony et al., 2023;Octaviani et al., 2023;Rosita Butarbutar et al., 2021).In addition, tourist attractions related to a community's cultural and historical heritage can reflect the importance of cultural identity and efforts to maintain ancestral heritage.It can be a community's pride in its cultural roots (Nugroho, 2019).The results of this study show that before the operation of PLBN Jagoi Babang, the score related to access to tourist attractions and entertainment was 2.84, or poor category increased to 4.36 or included in the good category after the operation of PLBN Jagoi Babang.This shows that PLBN Jagoi Babang has a significant impact and opens access to tourist attractions and entertainment.▪ The overall social indicators of the community around PLBN Jagoi Babang show a change in score from 2.84, a bad category, to a score of 3.97 in the fair category after the construction of PLBN Jagoi Babang.

Conclusions
The conclusions in this study relate to economic conditions and social conditions before and after the operation of the Jagoi Babang cross-border post (PLBN) in West Kalimantan, as follows: The operation of PLBN Jagoi Babang impacts improving the economic indicators of the community around the PLBN.;The operation of PLBN Jagoi Babang impacts improving the social indicators of the community around the PLBN.Therefore, the existence of PLBN Jagoi Babang not only functions for immigration, security, and customs processes but also has an impact on improving the economy and social aspects of the community around PLBN.

Table 1 .
Results of Economic Conditions Questionnaire Before there was a Jagoi Babang PLBN

.15 Source: Author Table 2. Results of Questionnaire on Economic Conditions After the Jagoi Babang National Border
Based on the results of data processing from respondents' answers related to economic indicators both from Table1 and Table 2above, the following can be known: ▪ Economic indicators of financial services have a vital role in enhancing economic growth.Banks are one example of a financial service that can boost economic growth by facilitating access to credit to entrepreneurs in the area

.
Results of the Social Condition Questionnaire Before there was a Jagoi Babang National Border Crossing (PLBN)

Table 5 .
Results of the Social Condition Questionnaire After the Jagoi Babang National Border Crossing