The application of biofertilizer to realize sustainable agricultural program: a review

Abstract

The agricultural sector is a force to encourages the rise in the economic level of an agricultural country, such as Indonesia. However, agricultural programs that are not followed carefully can undermine the order of an agrarian state. Therefore, the concept of sustainable agriculture was introduced and has become a commitment for many countries in the world. One application of sustainable agriculture is the use of effective and environmentally friendly fertilizers. Biofertilizer is considered an alternative to chemical fertilizers that have more advantages. Biofertilizers contain a consortium of microbes that are beneficial to plants. In addition, biofertilizers can improve soil fertility. Many studies prove the effectiveness of biofertilizers in increasing crop yields. Currently, biofertilizers have been widely used in Indonesia, but sometimes the potential of laboratory-tested biofertilizers cannot be found in the field. Another issue is shelf life. This review focused on the effectiveness and shelf life of the biofertilizer. In this review, we try to collect data from previous studies and compile it into a framework that can help overcome the constraints of biofertilizer applications. The analysis was carried out with the introduction of biofertilizers, constraints in the practice of their use, and strategies to overcome those obstacles. Obstacles to the use of biofertilizers can be overcome by selecting potential microbes in order to survive in the soil. The addition of organic matter can also be done to add nutrients to the soil. In addition, storage of the product under adjusted conditions can maintain its effectiveness.