The Potential of Pineapple Waste and Proteolytic Content to Enhance Added Value

Abstract

This review explores sustainable bromelain extraction from pineapple processing waste (PPW), covering distribution, extraction methods, properties, and applications to valorize waste. Pineapple canning industries generate large quantities of solid from pineapple processing waste which can account for up to 50% of the total weight of processed pineapples. Other processing methods produce 25-35% waste on average. Bromelain is distributed across all parts of the pineapple, with significant activity found in the peel, core, and crown. Studies indicate that bromelain can be effectively extracted from these parts using various methods, including ethanol precipitation and membrane filtration techniques. The extraction process not only recovers the enzyme but also contributes to sustainable waste management by valorizing pineapple by-products. The protease activity of bromelain varies by part of the pineapple. Peel exhibits the highest protease activity, with values reported around 3.417 U/μg. Crown shows a protease activity approximately 46.78 units, with an optimum temperature of 35°C and pH of 7. Core has a slightly lower activity than the peel, around 36.93 units, with an optimum temperature of 55°C. Bromelain extracted from pineapple waste demonstrates significant proteolytic activity and can be effectively utilized in various applications, highlighting the importance of utilizing all parts of the pineapple for both economic and environmental benefits. Its proteolytic activity makes it suitable for use in meat tenderization, digestive aids, and as an anti-inflammatory agent, and it also presents a promising opportunity for enhancing poultry nutrition while addressing waste management challenges. Its incorporation into poultry diets can lead to improved growth performance and sustainability in poultry production systems to provides a cost-effective alternative to conventional feed ingredients, particularly during periods of high prices for traditional feed sources. Proper management and utilization of this abundant pineapple waste is crucial to minimize environmental pollution and add value to the byproducts.