INTEGRASI ELEMEN DASAR-DASAR REKAYASA DALAM KURIKULUM INDONESIA

PERSPEKTIF REKAYASA SOSIAL DAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER

Abstract

This article discusses the integration of Engineering Fundamentals into the Indonesian national curriculum from the perspective of social engineering and character education. The presence of engineering elements in the Learning Outcomes document (early childhood education to high school/vocational high school) marks a paradigm shift from content-based learning to competency-based learning that emphasizes a balance between technical, social, and ethical skills. Through a systematic literature review and conceptual analysis of 35 reputable international journal articles (Q1-Q2) from 2019-2025 and national policy documents, this study formulates six main components of Engineering Fundamentals: design thinking, systems thinking, interdisciplinary collaboration, ethics and social responsibility, technological and digital literacy, and reflection and adaptation. The document review results show that the integration of these elements develops gradually according to educational level and can be mapped into achievement indicators, learning activities, and subject-matter relationships. This conceptualization produces an integrative model that links engineering elements to the 8 Dimensions of the Graduate Profile. Comparative discussions with the United States and European contexts indicate that the Indonesian approach is unique in that it directly links engineering to character building, while international practice is more dominant in technical aspects. This article provides theoretical contributions by broadening the understanding of values-based engineering education, as well as practical and policy implications for teachers, curriculum developers, and stakeholders.