DEVELOPING AN ODL TECHNOLOGICAL READINESS INSTRUMENT: A CONTENT VALIDITY APPROACHES

Abstract

Open and distance learning (ODL) is an important educational model that provides flexible and accessible learning opportunities. Its effectiveness depends on the technological readiness of learners, i.e., the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and resources available to use digital tools. To achieve quality outcomes, the tools to accurately measure technological readiness must be available. The aim of this research is to develop and validate an instrument adapted from the Parasuraman Technology Readiness Index (TRI) to measure ODL’s technology readiness, while documenting the development process, content and language expert feedback, and revisions to improve transparency and rigour. This mixed-methods psychometric research describes the process of instrument adaptation, which includes item selection and modification (by the researcher), item content review (by the expert), item redesign (by the researcher), and statistical item validation (using CVI scoring) tailored to the ODL context. Through iterative revisions guided by expert feedback, the instrument was refined to ensure its relevance, clarity and representation of intended constructs. The final version of the instrument has robust content validity (S-CVI=0.96, I-CVI/Ave=0.94 and S-CVI/UA=0.81) and captures dimensions of technology readiness (optimism, innovativeness, discomfort and insecurity) from the ODL perspective.