THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN LAST MILE DELIVERY LOGISTICS OPERATIONS

Abstract

The growing demand for efficient, sustainable, and environmentally friendly logistics solutions has accelerated the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) in last mile delivery operations. This paper aims to analyze the effectiveness of EV implementation in the last leg of the logistics process by examining key performance indicators such as cost efficiency, delivery reliability, environmental impact, and infrastructure readiness. Through a comparative analysis between conventional fuel based delivery fleets and EV based operations, this study identifies both the potential benefits and critical limitations of transitioning to electric mobility. The findings indicate that while EVs significantly reduce carbon emissions and operating costs over time, challenges remain in terms of charging infrastructure availability, initial investment, and range limitations. Moreover, the integration of EVs contributes positively to corporate sustainability goals and enhances public perception of logistics service providers. Case studies from urban logistics providers in Southeast Asia further support the relevance of EVs in high density delivery zones. This paper concludes that the effectiveness of electric vehicles in last-mile delivery depends on a combination of regulatory support, infrastructure development, and operational adaptation. Policy implications suggest that governments and stakeholders must collaborate to provide incentives and accelerate EV adoption, particularly in urban and peri urban regions. As environmental regulations tighten and urban logistics grow more complex, EVs offer a viable and future-ready solution for sustainable last mile logistics.