FACTORS AFFECTING COOPERATIVE PERFORMANCE IN THE PHILIPPINES, MALAYSIA AND INDONESIA

Abstract

The objective of this study is to identify the influence of human resources factors, namely members and capital from cooperatives on performance, namely the volume of cooperatives in the Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia. The research gap that is seen is the scarcity of multi-country research especially in cooperatives. The results of this comparative study can also be used in the development of cooperatives in Indonesia. The method used is a nonlinear function equation. Data were taken from three countries, namely Malaysia, the Philippines and Indonesia with a total of 64 provinces. The results of the study from the three countries show that human resource development is almost rigid or ineffective in increasing the volume of cooperatives, but the increase in volume occurs simultaneously from the role of human resources and capital or increasing returns to scale in several countries studied. For Indonesia, member and capital factors, both individually and collectively, are not effective against volume, resulting in a decreasing rate of return. Therefore, management improvement is very necessary, both member management and capital management in order to increase the volume of cooperatives in Indonesia, when compared to Malaysia and the Philippines. The originality of this study is about the nonlinear production function in the field of cooperatives which is global in nature by comparing 3 ASEAN countries, namely the Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia, which is a study that is still rare.