COCOA RESTORATION AND AGRIBUSINESS TRANSFORMATION: A SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND INSTITUTIONAL SUSTAINABILITY PERSPECTIVE
Keywords:
cocoa restoration; sustainability agribusiness; social aspect; economic aspect; institutional aspectAbstract
This study aims to analyze farmers' perspectives on cocoa sustainability, the urgency of restoration, and the impact of cocoa agribusiness restoration on farm productivity.
The research was conducted in Luwu and Soppeng Regencies, South Sulawesi, from November 2023 to March 2024, using a quantitative approach and involving a sample of 135 cocoa farmers. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative analysis through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using Smart PLS 4.0 and qualitative descriptive analysis. The findings indicate that farmer institutions have a positive and significant effect on cocoa agribusiness recovery (t = 2.719, p = 0.006), underscoring the critical role of cooperatives, farmer groups, and government agencies in shaping norms, providing resources, and expanding networks to enhance production and marketing. Conversely, farmers’ social capital does not exhibit a significant influence (t = 0.843, p = 0.399), which is attributed to low community participation, limited access to information, and inadequate skills in agricultural product management. These findings emphasize the importance of strengthening institutional frameworks and enhancing economic incentives to support sustainable transformation in the cocoa sector. The policy implications suggest the development of a restoration model that prioritizes economic and institutional dimensions as the main pillars of cocoa agribusiness sustainability.
References
Ariningsih, E., Purba, H. J., Sinuraya, J. F., Septanti, K. S., & Suharyono, S. (2021). Permasalahan Dan Strategi Peningkatan Produksi Dan Mutu Kakao Indonesia. Analisis Kebijakan Pertanian, 19(1), 89–108. Https://Doi.Org/10.21082/Akp.V19n1.2021.89-108
Arsal, A., Karim, I., Rusman, R. F. Y., & Akhsan. (2019). How Important Competitive Advantage Is For Maize Grain Potential Market. IOP Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science, 343(1), 012098. Https://Doi.Org/10.1088/1755-1315/343/1/012098
Arsal, A., Karim, I., Salman, D., Fahmid, I. M., Mahyudin, & Amiruddin, A. (2020). Social Capital And Maize Farmers’ Income. IOP Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science, 575(1), 012101. Https://Doi.Org/10.1088/1755-1315/575/1/012101
Basri, Z., Bulkis, S., Arsyad, M., & Bdr, M. F. (2023). Identifying Agribusiness Institutions And Their Role In Increasing Cocoa Production: Evidence From Polewali Mandar, Indonesia. International Journal Of Sustainable Development And Planning, 18(1), 53–59. Https://Doi.Org/10.18280/Ijsdp.180105
Boansi, D., Gyasi, M., Nuamah, S., Tham-Agyekum, E. K., Ankuyi, F., Frimpong, R., Gbafah, A., & Gyan, C. B. (2024). Impact Of Agricultural Credit On Productivity, Cost And Returns From Cocoa Production In Ghana. Cogent Economics & Finance, 12(1). Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/23322039.2024.2402035
Cancino, N., Rubiños, C., & Vargas, S. (2022). Social Capital And Soil Conservation: Is There A Connection? Evidence From Peruvian Cocoa Farms. Journal Of Rural Studies, 94, 462–476. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Jrurstud.2022.07.002
Depparaba, F., & Karim, H. A. (2019). Prospek Kakao Nasional Dalam Perspektif Kebijakan. AGROVITAL : Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian, 3(1), 14. Https://Doi.Org/10.35329/Agrovital.V3i1.215
Donkor, E., Dela Amegbe, E., Ratinger, T., & Hejkrlik, J. (2023). The Effect Of Producer Groups On The Productivity And Technical Efficiency Of Smallholder Cocoa Farmers In Ghana. PLOS ONE, 18(12), E0294716. Https://Doi.Org/10.1371/Journal.Pone.0294716
Effendy, Pratama, M. F., Rauf, R. A., Antara, M., Basir-Cyio, M., Mahfudz, & Muhardi. (2019). Factors Influencing The Efficiency Of Cocoa Farms: A Study To Increase Income In Rural Indonesia. PLOS ONE, 14(4), E0214569. Https://Doi.Org/10.1371/Journal.Pone.0214569
Fahmid, I. M., Wahyudi, Salman, D., Kariyasa, I. K., Fahmid, M. M., Agustian, A., Perdana, R. P., Rachman, B., Darwis, V., & Mardianto, S. (2022). “Downstreaming” Policy Supporting The Competitiveness Of Indonesian Cocoa In The Global Market. Frontiers In Sustainable Food Systems, 6. Https://Doi.Org/10.3389/Fsufs.2022.821330
Fungenzi, T., Sakrabani, R., Burgess, P. J., Lambert, S., & Mcmahon, P. (2021). Medium-Term Effect Of Fertilizer, Compost, And Dolomite On Cocoa Soil And Productivity In Sulawesi, Indonesia. Experimental Agriculture, 57(3), 185–202. Https://Doi.Org/10.1017/S0014479721000132
Kouassi, J.-L., Diby, L., Konan, D., Kouassi, A., Bene, Y., & Kouamé, C. (2023). Drivers Of Cocoa Agroforestry Adoption By Smallholder Farmers Around The Taï National Park In Southwestern Côte d’Ivoire. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 14309. Https://Doi.Org/10.1038/S41598-023-41593-5
Lestari, U., & Idris, M. (2019). Peran Kelompok Tani Dalam Kegiatan Usahatani Kakao Di Desa Ketulungan Kecamatan Sukamaju Kabupaten Luwu Utara. Jurnal Agribisnis Indonesia, 7(2), 92–101. Https://Doi.Org/10.29244/Jai.2019.7.2.92-101
Managanta, A. A., Sumardjo, S., Sadono, D., & Tjitropranoto, P. (2019). Factors Affecting The Competence Of Cocoa Farmers In Central Sulawesi Province. Jurnal Penyuluhan, 15(1). Https://Doi.Org/10.25015/Penyuluhan.V15i1.20966
Manistasari, I., & Nurhadi, N. (2015). Usaha Peningkatan Produktivitas Tanaman Kakao Di Desa Banjarharjo Kecamatan Kalibawang Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Geomedia: Majalah Ilmiah Dan Informasi Kegeografian, 11(1). Https://Doi.Org/10.21831/Gm.V11i1.3572
Masahuri, D. (2022). Pengembangan Benih Kakao Dan Kopi Melalui Model Waralaba Di Wilayah Kerja UPT Balai Perbenihan Tanaman Perkebunan Pada Dinas Perkebunan Dan Peternakan Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah. Manajemen Agribisnis: Jurnal Agribisnis, 22(2), 106. Https://Doi.Org/10.32503/Agribisnis.V22i2.1601
Mulia, S., Mcmahon, P. J., Purwantara, A., Bin Purung, H., Djufry, F., Lambert, S., Keane, P. J., & Guest, D. I. (2019). Effect Of Organic And Inorganic Amendments On Productivity Of Cocoa On A Marginal Soil In Sulawesi, Indonesia. Experimental Agriculture, 55(1), 1–20. Https://Doi.Org/10.1017/S0014479717000527
Mulyo, P. R., & Hariyati, Y. (2020). Dinamika Perkembangan Perkebunan Kakao Rakyat Di Indonesia. Agriekonomika, 9(1), 48–60. Https://Doi.Org/10.21107/Agriekonomika.V9i1.7296
Novianda Fawaz Khairunnisa, Saidah, Z., Hapsari, H., & Wulandari, E. (2021). Pengaruh Peran Penyuluh Pertanian Terhadap Tingkat Produksi Usahatani Jagung. Jurnal Penyuluhan, 17(2), 113–125. Https://Doi.Org/10.25015/17202133656
Purnami, P., Susilawati, W., & Is, A. (2018). Analisis Pemasaran Kakao (Theobroma Cacao L) Di Kecamatan Margo Tabir Kabupaten Merangin. Jas (Jurnal Agri Sains), 2(1). Https://Doi.Org/10.36355/Jas.V2i1.175
Rifin, A. (2013). Competitiveness Of Indonesia’s Cocoa Beans Export In The World Market. International Journal Of Trade, Economics And Finance, 279–281. Https://Doi.Org/10.7763/IJTEF.2013.V4.301
Rivanda, D. R., Nahraeni, W., & Yusdiarti, A. (2015). Analisis Efisiensi Teknis Usahatani Padi Sawah. Jurnal Agribisains, 1(1). Https://Doi.Org/10.30997/Jagi.V1i1.140
Somarriba, E., Peguero, F., Cerda, R., Orozco-Aguilar, L., López-Sampson, A., Leandro-Muñoz, M. E., Jagoret, P., & Sinclair, F. L. (2021). Rehabilitation And Renovation Of Cocoa (Theobroma Cacao L.) Agroforestry Systems. A Review. Agronomy For Sustainable Development, 41(5), 64. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S13593-021-00717-9
Tennhardt, L., Lazzarini, G., Weisshaidinger, R., & Schader, C. (2022). Do Environmentally-Friendly Cocoa Farms Yield Social And Economic Co-Benefits? Ecological Economics, 197, 107428. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Ecolecon.2022.107428
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Conference Proceedings Volume
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Ariady Arsal, Rahim Darma, Hatta Jamil, Naurha Rhamadani, Dian Suardi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
