Development of Augmented Reality Integrated Google Sites Multimedia to Enhance Elementary School Students' Understanding of the Food Chain Concept

Abstract

This study aims to develop and evaluate Augmented Reality (AR)-based learning multimedia integrated with Google Sites to enhance the understanding of the food chain concept in elementary schools. The study employs the Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model. This development is evaluated through needs analysis, expert validation, effectiveness testing, and analysis of student responses to determine the extent to which the research findings address the research questions. The needs analysis was conducted through interviews with students and teachers and analyzed using content analysis with the stages of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The analysis results indicate that students and teachers have difficulty understanding the food chain concept due to the limitations of interactive and visual learning media. Therefore, the development of AR-based multimedia is necessary to help students visualize the concept more concretely. The developed multimedia has been validated by media experts, content experts, and practitioners using the V Aiken index, with the assessment results categorized as "Feasible" in terms of content, graphics, and media aspects. Effectiveness testing was conducted using the Effect Size (Cohen’s d) calculation, yielding a value of 1.163563, which falls into the large effect category. These results indicate that the use of AR-based multimedia on Google Sites significantly improves students' understanding of the food chain concept compared to conventional methods. Student responses were analyzed descriptively with categorization through SPSS, covering aspects of perceived usefulness, ease of use, behavioral intention, and attitude towards the media. The results show that 100% of respondents fall into the high acceptance category, with students stating that the multimedia is beneficial, easy to use, and engaging. Thus, Augmented Reality-based learning multimedia integrated with Google Sites is proven to be feasible, effective, and well-received in enhancing the understanding of the food chain concept in elementary schools.