The effective leadership style for the digital learner: A systematic literature review

Abstract

This paper reviews systematically literature on effective school leadership style in the context of digital learners from 2019 to 2023 in Indonesia. Its purpose is to investigate the effective leadership style applied by school leaders including teachers and the factors impacting it. Eight journals were used as the source of the literature. In addition, most of the journals are indexed by Scopus and Social Sciences Citation Index. The literature search yielded 10 articles that were reviewed. This study reports the dominant leadership style applied in the world context is the transformational style integrated with technology. Meanwhile, there is no specific dominant leadership style applied in Indonesia. It depends on whether urban or rural area. However, the study concludes that the leadership in rural area tend to apply trait and behavioral approach. In contrast, urban areas tend to apply technology skills and knowledge approaches. The factors contributing to school effectiveness are leaders’ actions and deeds, values, good attitude, technology and knowledge skills, and communication skills. Additionally, a good school culture and governance. Contributions for theory, practices, and further study are provided.